Certainly the 30-year-old loss of various USSR countries to the west, as well as lost economic power, military might, Warsaw Pact influence, and even diplomatic cachet have been and will continue to be a thorn in the side of Russian nationalists. If anything, it's probably made worse by the troubles of the past decade, never mind how much that's the fault of the very revanchism it's fueling.
The thing is, those material issues can only be made worse, not better, as a result of the current conflict. Even if there is somehow some kind of result that can be reasonably called a Russian victory it could surely only be pyrrhic. Its Cold War military reputation has been blown up along with its Cold War military equipment. It is in the process of alienating African sympathizers who depend on the grain it's interdicting. Its oil production isn't being helped by the war and the associated sanctions, and to the extent that other sources of power production continue to gain market share it may never get back what it lost even if it could repair everything and replace all the skilled labor it sent to the front lines, which I'm not convinced it can.
The fact is, comebacks are harder when you're in the middle of a demographic decline that's due to causes you can't fix, and I don't see Russia fixing its. What does that leave? Well, other countries might have actual solutions, but I suspect Russia will just continue to slide into bitterness and vodka. It will still have oil and food to sell, and nukes to threaten with, and that will likely be enough to keep it more or less running as a political entity.
After Ukraine, I think Russia will be almost out of neighbors to bully. NATO is a non-starter. China's existence will likely be able to keep it from getting too frisky with Kazakhstan or Mongolia. What does that leave, Iran? I do wonder what the fate of Belarus will be, though.