This has been well known for nearly a decade, and was shown first through the research on Moral Foundation Theory by Haidt.
We investigated the moral stereotypes political liberals and conservatives have of themselves and each other. In reality, liberals endorse the individual-focused moral concerns of compassion and fairness more than conservatives do, and conservatives endorse the group-focused moral concerns of...
journals.plos.org
"Across the political spectrum, moral stereotypes about “typical” liberals and conservatives correctly reflected the direction of actual differences in foundation endorsement but exaggerated the magnitude of these differences. Contrary to common theories of stereotyping, the moral stereotypes were not simple underestimations of the political outgroup's morality. Both liberals and conservatives exaggerated the ideological extremity of moral concerns for the ingroup as well as the outgroup.
Liberals were least accurate about both groups. "
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theindependentwhig.com
"
In a study I did with Jesse Graham and Brian Nosek, we tested how well liberals and conservatives could understand each other. We asked more than two thousand American visitors to fill out the Moral Foundations Qyestionnaire. One-third of the time they were asked to fill it out normally, answering as themselves. One-third of the time they were asked to fill it out as they think a “typical liberal” would respond. One-third of the time they were asked to fill it out as a “typical conservative” would respond. This design allowed us to examine the stereotypes that each side held about the other. More important, it allowed us to assess how accurate they were by comparing people’s expectations about “typical” partisans to the actual responses from partisans on the left and the right)’ Who was best able to pretend to be the other?
The results were clear and consistent. Moderates and conservatives were most accurate in their predictions, whether they were pretending to be liberals or conservatives. Liberals were the least accurate, especially those who described themselves as “very liberal.” The biggest errors in the whole study came when liberals answered the Care and Fairness questions while pretending to be conservatives."
These studies were done nearly a decade ago BEFORE media siloing and and as much sorting has happened. Given the systemic efforts at censoring Conservative speech that happens on modern college campuses and algorithmically by Google and other companies, I can only imagine it has gotten worse as time goes on.
This ability to more correctly predict how someone on the left would answer political questions showcases well that the typical conservative is less siloed and more exposed to left wing ideas than the inverse, and the consistent inability of liberals, especially far left liberals, to answer these questions correctly as conservatives would shows that they both don't understand the right and are not exposed to right wing ideas, thus they are more consistently in echo chambers and getting siloed information.
As to polarization and the left moving more leftward more rapidly than the right, well, despite the headlines, the Washington Post
showcased it rather dramatically:
View attachment 1510
This shows that the Republican party, while it has moved rightwards since 2000, has only had slight movement in that direction. Meanwhile the Democrats have shifted DRAMATICALLY leftward in comparison and very rapidly as well.
This is backed up by other surveys, take this article
going over the details, with this chart that showcases things:
View attachment 1511
Now, you might consider the Democrats going farther to the left a good thing, and that's fine. You might also consider that the Republicans remaining more or less consistently right wing to be a bad thing, that's also fine. What is undeniable though is that Democrats have moved more left, faster than Republicans have shifted rightward in the last two decades.