I list in Table
12.1 the relevant estimates, sources, and calculations. The estimates are better for Russia than the other suspected megamurderers, Mexico and North Korea. Much less guessing and calculation is involved and sources do give the largest estimates that contribute to the final democide figure. However, the mid-value upon which I determine Russia's megamurder status is very close to 1,000,000 (line 124) and very sensitive to the few component democides. The largest of these is an alleged democide of 500,000 Central Asian Turks (line 75). This is from Arnold Toynbee, who admits that the toll is speculative. I could find no other sources for this democide other than the one he cites,
1 which itself gives no estimates of those who died. But Toynbee's knowledge of these regions was gained from personal experience and access to information not easily available, and he is one of this century's foremost historians. His "speculation" is worthy of serious consideration. Still, almost half the alleged total democide of Russia hangs on this. Perhaps this is balanced by the fact that there was clearly much other killing by the Czar's forces in this region for which no estimates could have been made at all, as of the Armenians in the Caucasus, the Kara Kirghis, or the population of Samarkand.