AHC: design an ideal WW2 division with hindsight

No, the FG-42 was well documented in historical sources as being nearly useless in full auto, just like the M-14. Despite the inline recoil design, muzzle brake and its overall extreme complexity (which is why so few were made), it was only accurate in the semi-automatic mode; even short bursts were exceedingly difficult to control, and sustained full automatic was essentially impossible.
Video trumps those sources. The guy was using it accurately. I'm not sure what the claim was, because I have a well sourced book on the rifle and it says US testing showed it worked in full auto, just with the muzzle brake. Remember it was meant to be used in short bursts like an MG to create a cone of fire.
 
With enough arty and radio/cable to call in fire, plus a few machineguns and mortars, the PBI can be armed with Lebel 88s ... as proven in WWI by the winners, the French.
Were that the case why do we use M16s instead of bolt actions today?

That's why my conceptual stuff is focused on a lot of streamlining and mass production. Same reason modern self-propelled artillery streamlined down to the 105mm and 155mm, dropping the heavier 203mm and above calibers. I'm going for the British 25-pounder as the light artillery piece because it was historically demonstrated to be just as effective as 105mm for most purposes -- and better in some ways -- while being a far lighter and more compact piece, which makes it a lot easier to achieve adequate mobility while shoving it into relatively small earlier chassis.
Wasn't the dropping of heavier calibers more for cost cutting and difficulty shipping and maintaining heavier systems overseas? Well that and having a much more accurate air force. Heavy artillery had a pretty vital role in WW2, which is why everyone had really heavy stuff for corps and above.

Generally agree about the 25 pounder for the Allies, though it was really only useful for suppression at relatively short distances, while being nearly as heavy as the German 105mm later models. It couldn't smash up field works as well as the 105s.

* not exactly a household name, so here's the link to the first (?) user of high-low principle:
Will respond to the rest later, but that is a complicated system to achieve that effect. Still interesting and if the Italians could use that they could develop an interesting family of launch systems.
 
streamlining
Yup.
Discussions on ideal organisation on another forum have educated me on the importance of shell weight. And prime movers. Heavier artillery piece = heavier ammo, more and/or bigger and heavier trucks to carry that ammo, bigger tractors to haul the pieces about, ripped up roads, etc. Sometimes one size fits all works, sometimes almost sufficient is good enough, sometimes specialisation or overkill is required ... decisions, decisions :D

The guy was using it accurately
A man of above average skill at a shooting range?

Hmm - thinking of it - FG42 in 6,5x54 Mannlicher (which was in production in ex-Austria at that time, I believe) or Carcano or Arisaka would be less "lively" in users' hands?

Were that the case why do we use M16s instead of bolt actions today?
Because we can.
Progress.
Need to replace worn bolt actions with something borrowed, something new ... :)
Small arms were the last thing to be upgraded, as good enough was good enough.
And are not so important when look at the fighting capability of a Division.

that is a complicated system to achieve that effect.
True. But ... baby steps :) towards the M79.
IMO even ditching the carbine part would had been awesome! :)
And using blanks instead of normal ammo ...

nearly as heavy as the German 105mm later models
Which IIRC were manufactured in small numbers due to use of scarce weight saving alloys.
 
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Video trumps those sources. The guy was using it accurately. I'm not sure what the claim was, because I have a well sourced book on the rifle and it says US testing showed it worked in full auto, just with the muzzle brake. Remember it was meant to be used in short bursts like an MG to create a cone of fire.

That video doesn't actually show the target being hit, so it provides no overriding evidence of actual accuracy. Moreover, we can see for ourselves in the video clip that the FG-42's recoil knocks it substantially off target even when firing short bursts prone on the bipod -- he has to substantially adjust the gun's position after every burst.

Hmm - thinking of it - FG42 in 6,5x54 Mannlicher (which was in production in ex-Austria at that time, I believe) or Carcano or Arisaka would be less "lively" in users' hands?

There was historical consideration of making the FG42 in the same 7.92x33mm Kurtz intermediate cartridge as the StG-44 assault rifle, but the Luftwaffe -- much like the U.S. Army a few years later -- refused to consider this on the insistence that the range of a full power rifle round was an absolute requirement.
 
A man of above average skill at a shooting range?
His first time ever firing that rifle in automatic AFAIK. Certainly more experienced with semi-auto shooting, but not automatic AFAIK. He also did the M14 and the results were MUCH worse, which makes it seem like it was an issue with the rifle, not the shooter. Especially as the 8mm Mauser is more powerful than the 7.62 NATO.

Hmm - thinking of it - FG42 in 6,5x54 Mannlicher (which was in production in ex-Austria at that time, I believe) or Carcano or Arisaka would be less "lively" in users' hands?
Absolutely. Even a 6.5 Mauser would work, which is just the 8mm Mauser necked down. The less heavy the bullet the less the recoil and the more efficient the muzzle brake. Even shortened 8mm Mauser necked down to 6.5mm, which was a pretty common caliber at the time even in the civilian market, like the modern 6.5mm Creedmoor would have been easier to control.

Because we can.
Progress.
Need to replace worn bolt actions with something borrowed, something new ... :)
Small arms were the last thing to be upgraded, as good enough was good enough.
And are not so important when look at the fighting capability of a Division.
I'd recommend a few books on the M-16. There were very good reasons based on operations research to upgrade small arms. That was the entire reason for upgrading to the Garand from the Springfield and the Sturmgewehr and AK47 from their bolt actions. In the case of the Americans, their small arms were upgraded at the same time as everything else in the interwar. The Euros were too broke to upgrade from the bolt actions despite their desire to do so and some interesting prototypes.
Squads are the basic building blocks of the divisions; the artillery cannot do its work without a competitive or advantaged squad.

Which IIRC were manufactured in small numbers due to use of scarce weight saving alloys.
No, they were just normal models lightened and using a muzzle brake.
Still only ~300kg heavier than a 25 pounder:
 
The British did not have to be so weight conscious as they were fully motorised. Unlike the Germans who knew that their lighter pieces will have horse traction.
Hence I suspect that the original 25 pounder might had been significantly heavier than necessary. Also it was not given a split trail - which provides a broader firing arc without need for relaying the poiece - but equipped with - help me God! - a circular firing platform. Lots of weight wasted there. But for the British half a ton either way did not matter.

Nice view of platform:
800px-25_Pounder_Gun.JPG


Different design choices ...
 
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That video doesn't actually show the target being hit, so it provides no overriding evidence of actual accuracy. Moreover, we can see for ourselves in the video clip that the FG-42's recoil knocks it substantially off target even when firing short bursts prone on the bipod -- he has to substantially adjust the gun's position after every burst.
Sure, but this guy has fired MGs of all sorts, especially a bunch of WW2 ones for his channel. If he says it lives up to the hype I'm willing to believe it especially given that that matches what this books cites from US army studies of the rifle:


Every WW2 MG has to be adjusted after firing. No different than a BAR.

There was historical consideration of making the FG42 in the same 7.92x33mm Kurtz intermediate cartridge as the StG-44 assault rifle, but the Luftwaffe -- much like the U.S. Army a few years later -- refused to consider this on the insistence that the range of a full power rifle round was an absolute requirement.
The based that off their experience in Crete where British snipers were outranging them as they often only had SMGs and firing from up to 1000m away. So their goal was to have all weapons in one, SMG, MG, and rifle while using the standard caliber. It simplified logistics vs. having a short and long version of the same caliber.
 
The British did not have to be so weight conscious as they were fully motorised. Unlike the Germans who knew that their lighter pieces will have horse traction.
Hence I suspect that the original 25 pounder might had been significantly heavier than necessary. Also - it was not given it a split trail - which gives a broader firing arc - but equipped with - help me God! - a circular firing platform. Lots of weight wasted there. But for the British half a ton either way did not matter.

Oh no, that weight isn't wasted at all. While heavier than a simple split trail, the circular firing platform served as a very efficient method of bracing the gun's recoil into the ground without having to dig bracing spades into position, and moreover enabled the gun to be traversed a full 360 degrees on its own road wheels and fired at any traverse.
 
Oh, OK, wrong word choice :)
Different design choice/doctrine.

Two different split trail carriages for the 25-pounder were in fact developed by Vickers and RCD to replace the initial makeshift use of the 18-pounder's simple pole trail carriage, but British Army gunners specifically demanded a box trail + firing platform design based on their practical experience in the field. The 25-pounder carriage could traverse eight degrees without turning on the firing platform as well as providing +40/-5 elevation, the latter enabling close-range direct fire.

Historically speaking, the combination of 360-traverse from the firing platform and the ability to depress for direct fire proved invaluable on many occasions, as it meant that 25-pounder guns could quickly engage flanking tanks.
 
For organisation I would think that something like the 2nd New Zealand Division would be the way to go?
Order of Battle as at 11 May 1944
Order of battle taken from the New Zealand Official History.

  • HQ 2 NZ Division
    • 2 NZ Divisional Cavalry
  • HQ 4 Armoured Brigade
    • 4 Squadron, 2 NZ Divisional Signals
    • 18 Armoured Regiment
    • 19 Armoured Regiment
    • 20 Armoured Regiment
    • 22 (Motor) Battalion
  • HQ 2 NZ Divisional Artillery
    • 4 Field Regiment
    • 5 Field Regiment
    • 6 Field Regiment
    • 7 Anti-Tank Regiment
    • 14 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
    • 36 Survey Battery
  • HQ 2 NZ Divisional Engineers
    • 5 Field Park Company
    • 6 Field Company
    • 7 Field Company
  • HQ 5 Infantry Brigade
    • 5 Infantry Brigade Defence Platoon
    • 21 Battalion
    • 23 Battalion
    • 28 (Maori) Battalion
  • HQ 6 Infantry Brigade
    • 6 Infantry Brigade Defence Platoon
    • 24 Battalion
    • 25 Battalion
    • 26 Battalion
  • 27 (Machine Gun) Battalion
  • HQ Command NZ Army Service Corps
    • 1 Ammunition Company
    • 2 Ammunition Company
    • 1 Petrol Company
    • 1 Supply Company
    • 4 Reserve Mechanical Transport Company
    • 6 Reserve Mechanical Transport Company
    • 18 Tank Transporter Company
    • Water Issue Section
    • NZ Section, Motor Ambulance Convoy
  • Medical
    • 4 Field Ambulance
    • 5 Field Ambulance
    • 6 Field Ambulance
    • 4 Field Hygiene Section
    • 1 Mobile Casualty Clearing Station
    • 2 Field Transfusion Unit
    • 1 Field Surgical Unit
    • 2 Anti-Malarial Control Unit
    • 3 Anti-Malarial Control Unit
    • 102 Mobile Venereal Disease Treatment Centre
  • Dental
    • 1 Mobile Dental Unit
  • Ordnance
    • 2 NZ Divisional Ordnance Field Park
    • Mobile Laundry and Bath Unit
  • Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
    • 2 NZ Divisional Workshops
    • 4 Armoured Brigade Workshops
    • 5 Infantry Brigade Workshop Section
    • 6 Infantry Brigade Workshop Section
    • 1 Armoured Troops Recovery Unit
  • 2 NZ Divisional Provost Company
  • 1 Field Cash Office
  • 2 NZ Divisional Postal Unit
  • Reinforcement Transit Unit
Its essentially a strong Panzergrenadier Division. With 3 Armoured and 7 Infantry Battalions.
 
In any case, the one significant weakness of the 25-pounder is that while it's an 88, it's relatively low-velocity. Given the logic that went into the OTL Sherman tank ("infantry support tank with a big, capable HE round, also sufficient to handle most early contemporary tanks but not heavies"), the stuff I laid out for '39 definitely leads towards a 25-pounder armed alternate-Sherman, and that alt-Sherman would be hands down the best medium tank in the world, only falling short when the Germans roll out the Tiger 1 which is pretty much the first enemy tank it'll face that it can't kill.

Ah, but the Canadians were working on a 25-pounder HEAT round. They cancelled it after the adoption of the high velocity 17-pounder, but I think it's actually a better option as it'll be decades before anyone invents composite armor; pretty much adopting the modern thought of "better ammo, not bigger gun", and a properly developed 25-pounder HEAT will kill dead any WWII tank.
 
Dyvision:
1.3-4 recon planes
2.recon battalion with armored cars or 4tp ligh tanks.AT guns and 120mm mortars,too.Lot of LMG and 60mm mortars.
3.engineer battalion.
4.logistic battalion/or two/
5.HQ with infrantry company
6.AA dyvision - 40mm Bofors
7.155mm Long Tom dyvision.
8.dyvision of Marder 2
9.regiment of new 100mm howitzers/14km range/

2 Brigades -
4 battalions
47mm regiment
20mm AA dyvision
120mm mortars dyvision
new 75mm field gun dyvision

battalion - 2 AT guns,6 81mm mortars,HMG

company - HMG,60mm mortars,polish AT rifles,sniper

platoon - LMG,50mm mortars,sniper.

squad - LMG.

If i have money - Avtamat fedorowa for infrantry.if not - cheaper semi-automatic version.
 
@ATP
IMO too "heavy" - you have Corps level stuff there - but as we are fantasising about ideal :p
Those Long Toms need a "dywizjon pomiarów artyleryjskich" - i.e. a "ranging and target acquisition" - Counter Battery/Survey battalion, as otherwise they are limited to 8-10km range (no can find target beyond that).
Good point about having a few light planes for recce/laison - although again this might be a Corps asset ... could find targets for that long range artillery :)

BTW - here "dyvision" is used to denote an artillery battalion - this is Polish, Russian etc. usage where there are two similar yet spelt differently words for division - one meaning the "big" thing, the "combined arms" formation, while the other denotes an artillery or cavalry battalion/half-regiment. French Revolutionary/Napoleonic Army also used "division" for two things. Austrian German - same, for cavalry half-regiment.
 
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@ATP
IMO too "heavy" - you have Corps level stuff there - but as we are fantasising about ideal :p
Those Long Toms need a "dywizjon pomiarów artyleryjskich" - i.e. a "ranging and target acquisition" - Counter Battery/Survey battalion, as otherwise they are limited to 8-10km range (no can find target beyond that).
Good point about having a few light planes for recce/laison - although again this might be a Corps asset ... could find targets for that long range artillery :)

BTW - here "dyvision" is used to denote an artillery battalion - this is Polish, Russian etc. usage where there are two similar yet spelt differently words for division - one meaning the "big" thing, the "combined arms" formation, while the other denotes an artillery or cavalry battalion/half-regiment. French Revolutionary/Napoleonic Army also used "division" for two things. Austrian German - same, for cavalry half-regiment.

I would change two things:
1.Mortars -
regiment - 160mm used like artillery pieces.
battalion - 120mm
company and platoon - 60mm
I would forget about 50 and 81mm.

2.AA and AT - in OTL,Hungarians buyed from Bofors both 40 and 80mm AA guns,so factory modified for them their 37mm AT guns changing caliber to 40 mm and making them use the same ammo as 40mm AA guns - it was cheaper that way.

I would do the same,and have:
Dyvision - 80 and 40mm mixed dyvision
Brigade - 40mm
battalions - 20mm or 0.50.
 
1.Mortars -
regiment - 160mm used like artillery pieces.
160mm_Mortar_M1943_003.jpg


That Bad Boy 💋 on the left is the 160mm. So Big and Stronk!:love:
The Puny Runt (n) on the right is the 12cm ...

Compared to a 15cm howitzer (the shell is roughly same weight) the 16cm mortar is one third the weight and somewhere between one third and a half of the range. Decisions, decisions ... :)
 
160mm_Mortar_M1943_003.jpg


That Bad Boy 💋 on the left is the 160mm. So Big and Stronk!:love:
The Puny Runt (n) on the right is the 12cm ...

Compared to a 15cm howitzer (the shell is roughly same weight) the 16cm mortar is one third the weight and somewhere between one third and a half of the range. Decisions, decisions ... :)
I recommended something like that in the OP and in a separate mortars thread. I'm 100% in agreement that that is the way to go. Even if just at the regimental level.
Also the Finnish (and Israeli knockoff)160mm:


TBH the fact that the saboted long range mortar shells never caught on still miffs me. 13km range with excellent accuracy!

Bonus Israeli 160mm self propelled mortar on a Sherman chassis:
LmpwZw


That would be a good SP division support weapon.
 
In any case, the one significant weakness of the 25-pounder is that while it's an 88, it's relatively low-velocity. Given the logic that went into the OTL Sherman tank ("infantry support tank with a big, capable HE round, also sufficient to handle most early contemporary tanks but not heavies"), the stuff I laid out for '39 definitely leads towards a 25-pounder armed alternate-Sherman, and that alt-Sherman would be hands down the best medium tank in the world, only falling short when the Germans roll out the Tiger 1 which is pretty much the first enemy tank it'll face that it can't kill.

Ah, but the Canadians were working on a 25-pounder HEAT round. They cancelled it after the adoption of the high velocity 17-pounder, but I think it's actually a better option as it'll be decades before anyone invents composite armor; pretty much adopting the modern thought of "better ammo, not bigger gun", and a properly developed 25-pounder HEAT will kill dead any WWII tank.
Problem with rifled barrel HEAT shells is that it reduces their penetration by something like 50%. 105mm howitzer infantry support Shermans would be better.
 

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