Captains are kinda the last position for true line command in the Army. Anyone tells you that a Captain is micromanaged is blatantly wrong.
As for LTs, they are managed by their NCOs though they do get their orders from their Captain. IF the LT shows they don't want to learn from their NCOs, they get made the XO more often than not. This is done in the hopes that the good habits of the company commander will rub off on the LT in question.
Only if you are masterclass at brown nosing, ass kissing and butt-cheeks spreading or have some really good victimhood cards.
This happens to every officer. It's the part where they learn how to do the staff work. Unfortunately, it's also where they learn the politicking that goes with every higher position in a large organization.
Calling shots, yeah right. From what I hear from the guys in army, anyone below the rank of major is not considered an adult human, with lieutenants and captains being micromanaged into oblivion.
Generally true for the butter bars (2nd LTs) as they have no real-world experience, just classroom learning and bare field training to this point, unless they were prior enlisted (which can bring other problems).
With 1st LTs it's less common they need their nose wiped, and more that they have to be restrained from excessive bouts of 'I know what to do!'.
Captains have a great deal of responsibility for their commands as well as the freedom to really screw the pooch.