D
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You could argue the Pius Dea was a renewed wave of Coruscanti expansion, or rather where human expansion entered its most pronounced stage.The Republic's "Main constituents" if you will consist of Coruscant and her main daughter worlds in the Core and the Colonies. They're mostly Ecumenopoli--city planets--with populations in the trillions and a vast network of nearby ag-colonies to feed them. They have enormous power because they have an enormous population, they have enormous industry with giant factory-moons, they pretty much do whatever they want because their fraction of the galactic GDP is huge, and has exactly two rivals...
The secondary constituent is Alsakan. Alsakan is probably the second-oldest human settled planet in the galaxy and it's probably from a divergent cultural strain from that which dominated Coruscant. It has ceremonial plazas and birds and ruthlessly powerful merchant women... So it's no surprise that the outright matriarchal Kuat is a daughter colony of Humbarine (the Ecumenopolis destroyed in the Clone Wars), which was a daughter colony of ... Alsakan (and then Commenor, in the Colonies, and called "The Queen of the Colonies", one of the most populous and economically powerful cities there, was a Kuati daughter colony).
Coruscant and Alsakan had similar populations, similar colonization efforts, and both wanted to dominate economic trade in the galaxy. So they fought Seventeen conflicts over the course of the 25,000 year history of the Republic for control of the Republic. But that's over 25,000 years! At its worst, the fighting was more frequent, with a few outliers like the Seventeenth War, which was fought around the time of the Sith Wars, but they were more or less decisively settled in favour of Coruscant thousands of years beforehand. And because you have to assume culture exists for a reason, elements of Kuati culture had to evolve out of Alsakan's.
So those merchant ladies sure put up a fight first.
Still, worlds founded by Alsakan remain incredibly important to the Republic. Kuat Drive Yards, the premier shipbuilding concern of the galaxy, is still a concern of the planet of Kuat, and in general, the Alsakanian side of the Core is well-integrated now.
(This may actually explain some of where the supposed HuMan elitism comes from -- Coruscant settled whether or not the galaxy would be a matriarchy thousands of years ago).
The third factor is Corellia. Corellia, and Corellians like Han Solo, were on the edge of the built-up core, and Corellia itself is only partially a Ecumenopoli (about 50% of the planet's surface is city), but the seven habitable planets in one system gave it an immediate advantage anyway and it had developed from either an early lost colony ship or, secondly, a group of revolted Rakatan slaves. It built up a large network of dense, rich worlds linked by trade, and was independent of the Republic for the first few thousand years. Taking advantage of the split between Alsakan and Coruscant in the Republic, this group, as an organised bloc with its own government, was able to negotiate special constitutional protections of its autonomy.
As an aside, in the early years of the Republic, the Ancient & Honorable Union of the Tion Hegemony. Located on the outer Rim instead of the Core, they still had a much higher population and early settlement date compared to the rest of the Outer Rim, because they developed from, presumably, revolved Rakatan slaves, into a major pre-Republic polity which began the basis of Xim the Despot's early Empire and fought against the Hutts and the Republic in major wars which ultimately devastated Tion. Forced to join the Republic for protection against the Hutts, this fourth factor in human politics soon slipped away into irrelevance, and has sat like modern Egypt in the ruins of ancient Egypt for thousands and thousands of years now, but it provided a fourth distinct cultural strain to humanity in the Star Wars Galaxy, with an elite that is quite arrogant and obsessed with lineage and blood purity, but essentially irrelevant in any kind of real power, with half-abandoned palaces mouldering in the ruins of civilisation and the deserts created by Hutt bombardments thousands of years ago on worlds whose populations have been in decline for most of the history of the Republic.
If the first three groups agree on something, it happens. And what they agreed upon was a galaxy open to free market capitalism. The Trade Federation was an attempt during the Ruusan Republic, when the Ruusan Reformation had reduced their power, to block them from large markets using unfair trade practices so that less-competitive alien corporations, especially those in the Duros-sphere of the republic (which is probably about as powerful as the Corellian sphere) could be artificially competitive again. The solution of Coruscant and Alsakanian elite society was to support Palpatine and the Empire as a way to make the galaxy safe for them to make money again.
Also interesting to note that matriarchy and goddesses have a role in ancient human SW history.
The CIS was backed by those in the outer rim and mid rim who were downtrodden by human expansion, but it was not an organic movement, but a corporatist one.
Eventually post Legacy I see the situation stabilizing.