The 1884 US presidential election in a James Garfield Lives TL:
Red: James Garfield (Republican), 201 electoral votes, 48.2% popular vote
Blue: Grover Cleveland (Democrat), 200 electoral votes, 49.0% popular vote
After his failed 1881 assassination attempt in this TL, Garfield experiences an epiphany that causes him to veto any version of the Chinese Exclusion Act that reaches his desk. This ends up costing him the western states, Indiana, and the nationwide popular vote in 1884, with Garfield only barely winning New York and thus the electoral vote and the 1884 election in this TL.
That is a tight election and it could well be deeply divisive.
Number 2, or, Zoroastrian Seljuks.
Instead of falling, the Sasanid Empire does not crumble, instead it continues surviving, halting Islam's expanse to the East. Though it gave way to plenty of territory, it never collapsed, leaving India and Central Asia to fall under Zoroastrian influence.
The Sasanid Empire would be a broken shell, constantly defeating off the Byzantine Empire and Islamic Caliphs respectfully, yet it was a corpse walking. Never expecting a general of a conquered turk to take the empire from within. in 1055 a rising and honored general Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, later known as 'Alp Alslan' or 'Great Lion' would in a bloodless coup, take over the Empire. Bloodless due to him not spilling blood period, instead he used a noxious gas he discovered, later known as نفس شیطان, or Demon's Breath. It would be later termed by European's as 'Sarin' gas. How he discovered this gas is unknown, but it would be used quite unsparingly, although used often for assassination and conquest, he would take the gas to his Tomb, not to be used until British explorers would later discover his journal in the Seljuk burial grounds known as مقبره امپراطوران, or the Tomb of the Emperors in 1841.
I would say they would have their hands tied with Islamic AND Christian invaders popping shots at them to the point I doubt they would be able to get into another Manzikert-esque situation. That is not including the shitfest we like to call inner nobility fucking around going full 'it's meh roight to this four foot square of land! I want my 2,000 men to fight your 2,000 men over it!'There's no Manzikert equivalent in this TL?
Religion map of Europe and the Near East following successful Crusades:
Present-day world religion map without the creation of Islam:
No. Too much projection from OTL. For instance Sikhism may well not occur without the influence of Islam. There may or may not be a failed reformation that splits the Catholic church as OTL but the territories could well be substantially different both in Europe and also overseas. You do have all of Germany and the Netherlands as Catholic but that's about the only difference I can see from OTL. Similarly the Catholic/Protestant split across much of the rest of the world.
As said plenty is left to be seen. Firstly, without the Ottoman Empire, much of history would not have happened. Secondly, Protestantism can't exist without Martin Luther, without him it would likely never have happened, or instead be a much more bastardized version. Whilst still on the topic of Christianity, South Korea is Christian. They make up a large bulk of the religious population (27.6), with the only other group being the Buddhist (15.5%) and the Animist (0.8%), the rest tend to be of the Irreligious type. then there is the lack of Mormons. If Protestantism exists, then Mormons are bound to spring up.Present-day world religion map without the creation of Islam:
As said plenty is left to be seen. Firstly, without the Ottoman Empire, much of history would not have happened. Secondly, Protestantism can't exist without Martin Luther, without him it would likely never have happened, or instead be a much more bastardized version. Whilst still on the topic of Christianity, South Korea is Christian. They make up a large bulk of the religious population (27.6), with the only other group being the Buddhist (15.5%) and the Animist (0.8%), the rest tend to be of the Irreligious type. then there is the lack of Mormons. If Protestantism exists, then Mormons are bound to spring up.
Then you have the Mazdaism, or Zoroastrian faith as it is. it would be MUCH larger than you have it, more than likely spreading into Afghanistan and Central Asia as a whole. I doubt it would be halted, as before Islam rose Zoroastrians were spreading quite quickly.
Sikhism can still exist, of more than like with a Zoroastrian flavor.
of course, but it likely won't be Protestantism. It'd more than likely share more with Hussites or Orthodoxy than Protestantism. To call it Protestantism is to call a chicken a goose.Protestantism can still exist but develop differently with different leaders due to the butterfly effect, obviously. The major grievances against the Catholic Church (corruption, the sale of indulgences, et cetera) might perhaps still eventually be there.
Whether the Reformation will eventually occur is very much an open question. On the one hand, there will still be issues with Catholic Church corruption, indulgences, et cetera, but on the other hand, I don't know how the lack of Muslim threat will affect things. And Yes, you are absolutely correct that the post-Reformation borders in Europe could be different if a Reformation will still eventually occur in Europe in this TL.
Also, what effect did Islam have on the development of Sikhism?
of course, but it likely won't be Protestantism. It'd more than likely share more with Hussites or Orthodoxy than Protestantism. To call it Protestantism is to call a chicken a goose.
Possible. I could most certainly see it.What about viewing it as being comparable with the Lollards?