Alternate History 🇺🇸 November 2, 1976: President Nelson Rockefeller wins election to full 4-year term and the aftermath

[Sergeant Foley]

SCHEDULE OF THE 1981 INAUGURATION PROGRAM
Tuesday, January 20, 1981

President-elect Ronald Reagan and incoming First Lady Nancy Reagan walking through Lafayette Street and heading towards Saint John's Episcopal Church. ​

*9:30 AM EST: Church service at Saint John's Episcopal Church officiated by the Reverend Billy Graham and Reverend Dr. John Moomaw.

*9:55 AM: President-elect Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy along with Vice-President-elect George HW Bush and his wife, Barbara leave Saint John's Episcopal Church. The Reagan's will return to the Blair House.

*10:15 AM: The Reagan's and Bushes expected to arrive at the White House; both outgoing President Linwood Holton and outgoing Vice President Edward W. Brooke, III including their spouses are expected to greet them.

*10:40 AM: US House of Representatives and United States Senate both convene and will immediately recess to walking through the inaugural platform on the US Capitol West Front Grounds.

*11:05 AM: Presidential motorcade will leave the White House for the short trip to the US Capitol, where it'll arrive on the East Front Grounds.

*11:15 AM: Members of the Presidential party will be greeted by the House and Senate Sergeants-at-Arms; President-elect Reagan and outgoing President Holton will be escorted to separate holding rooms.

*11:45 AM: Inauguration Program begins; Marine Corps Band performs music; Invocation.

*11:55 AM: Vice-President-elect Bush will be sworn in as the 44th Vice President of the United States by Supreme Court Associate Justice Potter Stewart; "Hail Columbia" will be played soon afterwards.

*12:00 PM: President-elect Reagan will be sworn in as the 41st President of the United States by Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren Burger. "Hail to the Chief" played by the Marine Corps Band; 21 Cannon Salute will be fired by the Presidential Salute Battery Unit; Inaugural Address by President Reagan.

*12:25 PM: Benediction and National Anthem.

*12:30 PM: Presidential party leaves the platform; the Former President Holton and former Vice President Brooke including their spouses are escorted to the East Front Grounds, where they'll be driven in limousine, which takes them to Andrews Air Force Base in Camp Springs, Maryland: where a final 21 Cannon Salute will be fired and Honor Guard Inspection of the US Armed Forces will occur, which former President Holton will review the troops for the final time before boarding Air Force One, which will take the Holton's to Richmond, Virginia.

Former Vice President Brooke will be taken via train to a private party in the suburbs of Annapolis, Maryland.

*President Reagan will go to a room off the Senate chambers and formally sign papers nominating members of his Cabinet for the United States Senate to confirm.

*1:00 PM: Presidential party attends luncheon with Congressional leaders honoring President Reagan and Vice President Bush inside Statuary Hall of the US Capitol.

*2:00 PM: President Reagan, Vice President Bush and their spouses will leave the Capitol afterwards; enter limousines and joining the Inaugural Parade to the White House.

*4:00 PM: Band Concert and the Inaugural Parade begins that will include marching bands, floats from 51 States as well as other surprises soon.

*9:00 PM: Inaugural Balls being held at the following:
Washington Hilton; Sheraton Washington; Shreham; Kennedy Center; Pension Building; Smithsonian Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Museum of American History; Smithsonian Air and Space Museum.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

Clock ticking on the Holton Presidency
10:25 AM EST, Tuesday, January 20, 1981
White House
Washington, DC.

The Reagan's arriving at the White House, where the Holton's greeted them.​

Over at the White House, it had become apparent that the Nicaraguans were openly and blatantly stalling including procrastinating, no doubt as a final insult to Holton. "They basically don't know anything about the inaugural schedule," Brooke muttered. TN8 reported earlier in the day that the American hostages were expected to be on a plane leaving Nicaragua at some point in the morning; Scowcroft, now dressed in his formal suit, tried lightening the mood by mimicking a server, "Can I bring you coffee or a pastry?" he asked several Oval Office visitors jokingly.

Around 10:15 AM, Whitman requested that all of the remaining aides leave immediately, saying Holton wanted to have some time alone. Five minutes later at 10:20, he left the Oval Office for the final time closing the door behind him and headed for the living quarters to await the arrival of the Reagan's. His secretary Gertie Ceznon cleared the Resolute Desk and silent stewards moved about stripping the entire Oval Office clean thoroughly.

When the Reagan's arrived, Holton looked completely and utterly exhausted and Jinks' brave smile appeared pasted on. She shook Nancy's hand, but no words beyond hellos were exchanged. During the short motorcade from the White House to the US Capitol East Front Grounds, Holton was on the phone with senior level members of the US State Department, who were doing back-channels with other nations in getting the hostages released; he was gripping the red telephone very tightly before hanging up.

The crowd was estimated at around 150,000 stretching far down Capitol Hill, past the brooding statue of Ulysses S. Grant; past the edge of the great Reflecting Pool. Directly in front of the podium was a huge tiered platform for the instruments of Reagan's true audience: millions of television viewers. While the Marine Corps Band was playing stirring renditions of Yankee Doodle and The Battle Hymn of the Republic, official guests in solemn procession arrived to their respective positions. The United States Senate strode in with Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker in the very front carrying his favorite omnipreium 35-mm camera. Then came Vice President-elect Bush; President Holton and Vice President Brooke came afterwards, when "Hail to the Chief" was played for the last time for Holton, who was being peppered with questions from ABC News' Sam Donaldson about the ongoing developments of the hostages "Not Yet", Holton told Donaldson, who told the ABC News coverage team that the Nicaraguans have snubbed Holton to the very end. Justices of the United States Supreme Court also arrived. Finally to the strings of the United States Army's Herald trumpets playing Jubilant, President-elect Reagan finally arrived on the platform at 11:39 AM EST.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

Government Is The Problem: The Inauguration of Ronald Wilson Reagan as the 41st
President of the United States
12:00 PM EST, Tuesday, January 20, 1981
US Capitol West Front Grounds
Washington, DC.

Ronald Wilson Reagan sworn into office as the 41st President of the United States by US Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren Burger. ​

Due to saving money and costs, the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies decided back in June 1980, to move the inauguration to the West Front Grounds of the US Capitol. Justifying the move, the committee had calculated that they could use the West Front terraces as an inaugural platform rather than build on from scratch, and that the Mall side of the Capitol would be providing more space for spectators.

Associate Justice Potter Stewart swore in George Herbert Walker Bush as the 44th Vice President of the United States, while his wife, Barbara held the Bible:

"I, George Herbert Walker Bush, do solemnly swear, that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States
against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion;
and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter.
So help me God."​

A big round of applause ensues while "Hail Columbia" is played by the United States Marine Corps Band, while Vice President George HW Bush and Second Lady Barbara Bush wave to the crowd. Soon afterwards, the United States Marine Corps Band then played "God of Our Fathers".

At 11:59 AM EST, Ronald Wilson Reagan raise his right hand, placed his left hand on the Reagan family Bible (which Nancy was holding), open to 2 Chronicles 7:14, being sworn into office as the 41st President of the United States by US Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren Burger

"I, Ronald Wilson Reagan, do solemnly swear, that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States,
and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help me God."​

Soon afterwards, the United States Marine Corps Band played the Presidential Anthem "Hail to the Chief" while the Presidential Salute Battery Unite fired the traditional 21 Cannon Salute. Former President Holton and former Vice President Brooke both congratulated the Reagan's before walking back to their designated seats. The Cannons were still firing very loudly once the music stopped, before Senator Hatfield introduced President Reagan, who delivered his Inaugural Address.

President Reagan: "Senator Hatfield, Mr. Chief Justice, President Holton, Vice President Bush, Vice President Brooke, Senator Baker, Speaker O'Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens:

To a few of us here today this is a solemn and most momentous occasion, and yet in the history of our nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place, as it has for almost two centuries, and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every 4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.

Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.

The business of our nation goes forward. These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.

Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, human misery, and personal indignity. Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.

But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending. For decades we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children's future for the temporary convenience to the present. To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political and economic upheavals.

You and I, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but only for a limited period of time. Why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we're not bound by that same limitation? We must act today in order to preserve tomorrow. And let there be no misunderstanding: We are going to begin to act, beginning today.

The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades. They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away. They will go away because we as Americans have the capacity now, as we've had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.

In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. From time to time we've been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people. Well, if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else? All of us together, in and out of government, must bear the burden. The solutions we seek must be equitable, with no one group singled out to pay a higher price.

We hear much of special interest groups. Well, our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected. It knows no sectional boundaries or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines. It is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we're sick------professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truck-drivers. They are, in short, "We the people," this breed called Americans.

Well, this administration's objective will be healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunities for all Americans with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination. Putting America back to work means putting all Americans back to work. Ending inflation means freeing all Americans from the terror of runaway living costs. All must share in the productive work of this "new beginning," and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy. With the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous America, at peace with itself and the world.

So, as we begin, let us take inventory. We are a nation that has a government------not the other way around. And this makes us special among the nations of the Earth. Our government , which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.

It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved for the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government.

Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it's not my intention to do away with government. It is rather to make it work------work with us, not over us; to stand by our side, not ride on our back. Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster productivity, not stifle it.

If we look to the answer as to why for so many years we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on Earth, it was because here in this land we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before. Freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than in any other place on Earth. The price for this freedom at times has been high, but we have never been unwilling to pay that price.

It is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of government. It is time for us to realize that we're too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams. We're not, as some would have us believe, doomed to an inevitable decline. I do not believe in a fate that will fall on us no matter what we do. I do believe in a fate on us if we do nothing. So, with all the creative energy at our command, let us begin an era of national renewal. Let us renew our determination, our courage, and our strength. And let us renew our faith and our hope.

We have every right to dream heroic dreams. Those who say that we're in a time when there not heroes, they just don't know where to look. You can see heroes every day going in and out of factory gates. Others, a handful in numbers, produce enough food to feed all of us and then the world beyond. You meet heroes across a counter, and they're on both sides of that counter. There are entrepreneurs with faith in themselves and faith in an idea who create new jobs, new wealth and opportunity. They're individuals and families whose taxes support the government and whose voluntary gifts support church, charity, culture, art, and education. Their patriotism is quiet, but deep. Their values sustain our national life.

Now, I have used the words "they" and "their" in speaking of these heroes. I could say "you" and "your," because I'm addressing the heroes of whom I speak------you, the citizens of this blessed land. Your dreams, your hopes, your goals, are going to be the dreams, hopes, and goals of this administration, so help me God.

We shall reflect the compassion that is so much a part of your makeup. How can we love our country and not love our countrymen; and loving them, reach out a hand when they fall, heal them when they're sick, and provide opportunity to make them self-sufficient so they will be equal in fact and not just in theory?

Can we solve the problems confronting us? Well, the answer is an unequivocal and emphatic "Yes." To paraphrase Winston Churchill, I did not take the oath I've just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the world's strongest economy.

In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity. Steps will be taken aimed at restoring the balance between the various levels of government. Progress may be slow, measured in inches and feet, not miles, but we will progress. It is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within it's means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden. And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles there will be no compromise.

On the eve of our struggle for independence a man who might have been one of the greatest among the Founding Fathers, Dr. Joseph Warren, president of the Massachusetts Congress, said to his fellow Americans, "Our country is in danger, but not to be despaired of...... On you defend the fortunes of America. You are to decide the important questions upon which rests the happiness and the liberty of millions yet unborn. Act worthy of yourselves."

Well, I believe we, the Americans of today, are ready to act worthy of ourselves, ready to do what must be done to ensure happiness and liberty for ourselves, our children, and our children's children, and as we renew ourselves here in our own land, we will be seen as having greater strength throughout the world. We will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not now have freedom.

To those neighbors and allies who share our freedom, we will strengthen our historic ties and assure them of our support and firm commitment. We will match loyalty with loyalty. We will strive for mutually beneficial relations. We will not use our friendship to impose on their sovereignty, for our own sovereignty is not for sale.

As for the enemies of freedom, those who are potential adversaries, they will be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of the American people. We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it, now or ever.

Our forebearance should never be misunderstood. Our resilience for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will. When action is required to pressure our national security, we will act. We will maintain sufficient strength to prevail if need be, knowing that if we do so we have the best chance of never having to use that strength.

Above all, we must realize that no arsenal or no weapon in the arsenals of the world is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women. It is a weapon our adversaries in today's world do not have. Let that be understood by those who practice terrorism and prey upon their neighbors.

I'm told that tens of thousands of prayer meetings are being held on this day, and for that I'm deeply grateful. We are a nation under God, and I believe God intended for us to be free. It would be fitting and good, I think, if on each Inaugural Day in years it should be declared a day of prayer.

This is the first time in our history that this ceremony has been held, as you've been told, on this West Front of the Capitol. Standing here, one faces a magnificent vista, opening up on this city's special beauty and history. At the end of this open mall are these shrines to the giants on whose shoulders we stand.

Directly in front of me, the monument to a monumental man, George Washington, father of our country. A man of humility who came to greatness reluctantly. He led America out of revolutionary victory into infant nationhood. Off to one side, the stately memorial to Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration of Independence flames with his eloquence. And then, beyond the Reflecting Pool, the dignified columns of the Lincoln Memorial. Whatever world understand in his heart the meaning of America will find it in the life of Abraham Lincoln.

Beyond there monuments to heroism is the Potomac River, and on the far share the sloping hills of Arlington National Cemetery, with its row upon row of simple white markers bearing crosses or Stars of David. They add up to only a tiny fraction of the price that has been paid for our freedom.

Each one of these markers is a monument to the kind of hero I spoke of earlier. Their lives ended in places called Bellevu Wood, The Argonne, Omaha Beach, Salerno, and halfway around the world on Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Pork Chop Hill, the Chosin Resevoir, and in a hundred rice paddies and jungles of a place called Vietnam.

Under one such marker lies a young man, Martin Treptow, who left his job in a small barbershop in 1917 to go to France with the famed Rainbow Division. There, on the western front, he was killed trying to carry a message between battalions under heavy artillery fire.

We're told that on his body was found a diary. On the flyleaf under the heading, "My Pledge," he had written these words: "America must win this war. Therefore I will work, I will save, I will sacrifice, I will endure, I will fight cheerfully and do my up most, as if the issue of the whole struggle depended on me alone."

The crisis we are facing today does not require of us the kind of sacrifice that Martin Treptow and so many thousands of others were called upon to make. It does require, however, our best effort and our willingness to believe in our capacity to perform great deeds, to believe that together with God's help we can and will resolve the problems which now confront us.

And after all, why shouldn't we believe that? We are Americans.

God bless you and thank you."

(Rounds of applause)

​

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC:
Upcoming Installments:
*The Holton's and Brooke's leave Washington, DC.
*Personal PoV's: National
*Hostages flown out of Nicaragua.
*Inaugural Luncheon inside Statuary Hall of the US Capitol.
*The Inaugural Parade and the Inaugural Balls.
*Infighting inside the Democratic Party.
*National and International Headlines (Spring 1981)

 

[Sergeant Foley]

Special Air Mission 40 takes the Holton's back to Virginia
Tuesday, January 20, 1981
Andrews Air Force Base
Camp Springs, Maryland
​

While the Reagan's were going to lunch at the Statutory Hall of the US Capitol in Washington, DC., over at Andrews Air Force Base in Camp Springs, Maryland: the limousine carrying former President Linwood Holton, former First Lady Jinks Holton, former Vice President Edward W. Brooke, III and former Second Lady Anne Brooke arrived to a crowd of supporters, who cheered.

Among those in attendance to wish the Holton's goodbye included several members of the Holton Cabinet; senior-level staff members and aides; former White House Chief of Staff Ann C. Whitman including countless others.

The Holton's and Brooke's were escorted to the special red carpet-box platform with make-shift click gates. Almost immediately, the National Anthem "Star-Spangled Banner" was played by the United States Air Force Band while the final 21 Cannon Salute was being fired all the while television cameras were filming and airing the Departure Honors Ceremony.

Once the Cannons stopped firing following the end of "Star-Spangled Banner", then came the final reviewing of the troops for former President Holton to do, which he did. Following the end of the Departure Honors Ceremony, Holton held a farewell ceremony on the airfield of Andrews Air Force Base and thanked the servicemen and servicewomen for their service to the US Armed Forces; After shaking hands with members of the Holton administration including supporters from the crowd, the Holton's boarded Special Air Mission 40, which flew them back to Richmond, Virginia.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

BREAKING NEWS ALERT: 57 AMERICAN HOSTAGES RELEASED; FLOWN TO FRANCE

​

During the Congressional Luncheon inside the Statuary Hall of the US Capitol, President Reagan was about to have lunch with congressional leaders following the inauguration, he was informed that the planes carrying the 57 American hostages had left Nicaraguan airspace. It was during the Congressional Luncheon, Reagan broke the news to everyone saying: "With thanks to Almighty God, I have been given a tag line, the get-off line, that everyone wants for the end of a toast or a speech, or anything else. Some 30 minutes ago, the planes bearing our prisoners left Nicaraguan airspace, and they're now free of Nicaragua."

The hostages were flown on an Air Algeria Boeing 727-200 commercial airliner from Managua, Nicaragua to Paris, France, where they were formally transferred to former US Deputy Secretary of State Charles W. Robinson, the official US representative, which was seen as a symbolic gesture of appreciation for the French government's help in resolving the long international crisis. The flight continued to the Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, France and onward to the American Hospital of Paris, where former President Holton, acting as a special envoy, would receive them on January 22nd.

Following medical check-ups and debriefings, the 57 American hostages made a second flight to a refueling stop in London, United Kingdom, where they were greeted by large crowds. The released hostages were then flown to Stewart Air National Guard Base in Newburgh, New York State; From there, they were traveling via bus to the United States Military Academy at West Point; staying at the Thayer Hotel for three days, where they received a large heroes' welcome parade along the parade route. 10 days following their release, they were given a large ticker-tape parade through the heart of the Canyon of Heroes in New York City, New York State.

INAUGURAL PARADE FESTIVITIES

​

Escorted by United States Senator Mark Hatfield (R-OR), the chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies including committee members, President Reagan, Vice President Bush and their spouses walked to the East Front of the US Capitol. Accompanying the 41st President was US Army Major General Robert Arter, Commanding General of the US Army Military District of Washington; the reviewing of the Military Escort took place.

Soon afterwards, President and First Lady Reagan went inside the Presidential limousine, when at 2:58 PM EST, the Presidential motorcade motored from the US Capitol East Front Grounds to the North Portico of the White House, when they arrived on the Inaugural Parade Reviewing Stand to watch the hour-long Inaugural Parade.

Crowds cheering during the Inaugural Parade.

President and First Lady riding inside the Presidential limousine during the Inaugural Parade.

The Reagan's walking toward the Parade Reviewing Stands from the White House on Inauguration Day.
​

INAUGURAL PARADE AND INAUGURAL BALL HIGHLIGHTS:

Inaugural Parade along Pennsylvania Avenue.
​

More than 300,000 people converged onto Pennsylvania Avenue to watch the Inaugural Parade for President Reagan just simply celebrating "The New Beginning", both the parade itself and the freedom of the 57 American hostages and they all did it with absolute and obvious jubilance. However, the parade started only half an hour late and didn't end until somewhere before 5:00 PM EST.

​

Among those participating in the Inaugural Parade: more than 8,000 marchers and musicians; 25 Alaskan sled dogs; 450 equestrian teams; three floats and color guards including gun-carrying marching units from each of the military service branches and their respective academies: Coast Guard, Navy, Marine Corps, Army and Air Force.

​

The parade was pure Americana: lively, soulful black marching bands (such as the Southern University and A&M College Human Jukebox Marching Band); Indians in their native dress on horseback; mountain men carrying muskets; and wearing coonskin caps; and patriotic songs such as "This is My Country,"; "God Bless America" and "Anchors Aweigh."

President and First Lady Reagan greeting Ray Charles during the Inaugural Ball festivities at the Sheraton Hotel in Washington, DC.,​

Among the celebrities who attended each of the eight Inaugural Balls later that evening included the following: Elizabeth Taylor-Warren; Hugh O'Brien; Tanya Tucker; Donny and Marie Osmond of the Osmond Family; Les Brown; Lou Rawls; Tony Bennett; Ray Charles; Wayne Newton; the Mills Brothers and Patti Page among other celebrities or musical performers.

​

 

[Sergeant Foley]

The Reagan Administration
Monday, January 26, 1981

President Reagan and his Cabinet: Spring 1981
*US Defense Secretary Henry M. Jackson wasn't able to take the official administration photograph due to being on a foreign trip, so US Defense Deputy Secretary Caspar Weinberger had to sub in for Jackson.​

*President: Ronald Reagan (R-CA)
*Vice President: George HW Bush (R-TX)
*Secretary of State: Alexander Haig (R-VA)
*Secretary of the Treasury: Donald Regan (R-VA)
*Secretary of Defense: Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson (D-WA St)
*Attorney General: William French Smith (R-CA)
*Secretary of the Interior: James G. Watt (R-WY)
*Secretary of Agriculture: John Rusling Block (R-IL)
*Secretary of Commerce: Malcolm Baldrige, Jr., (R-CT)
*Secretary of Labor: Raymond J. Donovan (R-NJ)
*Secretary of Health and Human Services: Richard Schweiker (R-PA)
*Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Samuel Pierce (R-NY St)
*Secretary of Transportation: Drew Lewis (R-PA)
*Secretary of Energy: James Burrows Edwards (R-SC)
*Secretary of Education: Terrel Bell (R-UT)
*Director of the Office of Management and Budget: David Stockman (R-MI)
*Director of the Central Intelligence Agency: William J. Casey (R-NY St)
*United States Trade Representative: Bill Brock (R-TN)
*Ambassador to the United Nations: Jeane Kirkpatrick (D-NY St)
*Counselor to the President: Edwin Meese (R-CA)
*National Security Advisor: Richard V. Allen (R-CA)
*White House Chief of Staff: James Baker (R-TX)

NEW GALLUP POLLING SURVEY: 30 January 1981
Job Approval of President Ronald Reagan
Approve: 51%
Disapprove: 13%
Undecided: 36%

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Personal PoV's

 

[Sergeant Foley]

......"Seeing the political reality of the situation hit Democrats like a two-by-four. Losing the Presidency for the fourth consecutive Presidential election in a row is one thing, but oh my freaking God! We lost control of the United States Senate with 12 Senate seats: Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Dakota, Washington and Wisconsin, all flipping to the Republicans in 1980 plus losing Governorships in Arkansas, Missouri, North Dakota including several State Legislatures as well.

Speaking of the Senate: It really hit us when we lost another Senate seat again in Washington when Jackson resigned after being confirmed as President Reagan's US Secretary of Defense; that gave Washington Governor John Spellman, an opportunity to appoint former US Ambassador to the United Nations Daniel J. Evans as the new United States Senator with a special election set in a few months.

The Republicans were on the offense especially in the United States Senate with more opportunities to flip more Senate seats with the 1982 Midterms coming up. Knowing that Senator Wilder of Virginia was going to be heavily targeted by Republicans made us nervous and with good reason."
-Excerpt from "The Rough Patch for the Democratic Party: How to navigate in a Conservative Political Realignment of American Politics"
Summer 1983.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

BREAKING NEWS ALERTS: WHITE FORMING EXPLORATORY COMMITTEE IN ANTICIPATION OF SEEKING TEXAS GOVERNORSHIP IN 1982

*Friday, January 30, 1981: United States Senator Mark W. White, Jr., (D-TX) has announced the formation of an exploratory committee on possibly campaigning for the Texas Governor's Mansion in 1982 against incumbent Texas Governor William P. Clements, Jr., (R) setting up a nationally-watched battle royal inside the Lone Star State.

This comes after Texas Lieutenant Governor William P. Hobby, Jr., (D) announced he plans on seeking reelection to a fourth term in 1982, "My focus is staying put as Lieutenant Governor. The people of Texas need me to stay here." Hobby said during a press conference. Reports also mentioned Texas State Comptroller of Public Accounts Bob Bullock (D) chose not to enter the 1982 Texas gubernatorial election, preferring to seek reelection.

Senator White will likely be facing a crowded Democratic Party gubernatorial primary with Texas Commissioner of General Land Office Bob Armstrong (D) and Texas Railroad Commissioner Buddy Temple (D) launching respective campaigns for the Governorship as well.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

New Beginnings

​

"We've got to get control of the federal budget. It's out of control."

-President Ronald Reagan during first Cabinet meeting
21 January 1981
​

In the presidential election campaign, Reagan had pledged himself to achieving a balanced federal budget, one-third reductions in income taxes, and increased spending for national defense. He was determined to making good on these promises. In order to do so, it would have to require strong, severe pruning of government expenditures.

The Gipper's landslide victory on 4 November 1980 in the Presidential election had won Republicans control of the United States Senate, but Democrats still held their majority in the US House of Representatives. So realizing that divided government on the congressional level was going to remain throughout his Presidency, Reagan figured out that in order to win passage of his program in Congress, the President knew it was necessary to lobby, cajole, threaten and bargain with members of the Democratic Party including the Conservative Democrats in the House as well as those remaining Conservative Democrats in the United States Senate.

Delivering his first State of the Union Address before a Joint Session of Congress on 18 February 1981, President Reagan detailed his four-point economic plan. Among the following, it included:
*Reduction of $41.4 billion in the 1982 budget (which Reagan had inherited from the Holton administration), largely in social service programs, but affecting all government departments and agencies except national defense.
*Next, Reagan asked for an across-the-board 30% cut in income taxes to be phased in at 10% each year for three years while at the same time stimulating capital spending by business through more liberal depreciation tax write-offs.
*Third, Reagan pushed for elimination and reforming "inefficient and burdensome" government regulations.
*Fourth, Reagan called for national monetary policy to curbing inflation by slowing down the growth of the money supply. Although he called his economic plan, "America's New Beginning: A Program for Economic Recovery," it was dubbed Reaganomics.

Less than two months later: 30 March 1981, President Reagan narrowly escaped death when he was shot outside the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, DC during an assassination attempt.

However, White House Press Secretary James Brady wasn't so lucky as he was shot in the head and pronounced dead at the scene; The shooter, John W. Hinckley, Jr., who later claimed to be insane, also wounded an agent of the US Secret Service and a Metro Washington DC Police Department police officer including several others. "Honey, I forgot to duck," Reagan told his wife, Nancy as she rushed to the hospital where he was being treated. The rapid recovery and good humor expressed in other quips such as telling the surgeons "I hope you're all Republicans" helped allay whatever fears the American people had that his age (Reagan had turned 70 on February 6th) might've been seen as a handicapping factor in dealing with the strong rigours of the Presidency.

By repeatedly standing with his principles he believed in despite political pressures to modify them, Reagan doubled-down on his values and beliefs.

Examples of his strong firmness took place in his first year in office when 12,000 federal air traffic controllers began striking in August 1981. Their reasoning was demanding higher pay in order to shutting down majority of the nation's airports despite federal law forbidding them of striking, plus they were warned explicitly by the President that the air traffic controllers would lose their jobs if they continued to persist.

Reagan ordered the strikers fired immediately and doubled-down on refusing to rehiring them despite pleas from labor union leaders, who organized huge protest demonstrations in the nation's capital city that September.

Recognition of the growing roles of women in public life, President Reagan appointed the first female Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court when a vacancy occured in 1981. Sandra Day O'Connor, who served as an Arizona state appeals court judge, was overwhelmingly confirmed by the United States Senate. He also appointed Antonin Scalia to the US Supreme Court including tapping Associate Justice William Rehnquist, who replaced Burger as Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court.

However, there were some rough patches for the Reagan administration. In the later part of 1981, the national economy slid downward into its eighth recession since the end of World War II. During the next two years, unemployment skyrocketed to more than 10 million workers------the highest rate of unemployment since the Great Depression.

During the 1982 Midterms, Democrats blasted Reaganomics on the campaign trail blaming it for the economic recession while once again, President Reagan doubled-down in remaining confident by declaring his economic policies soon will turn around the economy. While Republicans held onto control of the United States Senate (they flipped two Senate seats in Neada with longtime incumbent Democrat Howard Cannon losing reelection and in Virginia with Democrat L. Douglas Wilder's stunning retirement); while Democrats flipped Senate seats in New Mexico and New Jersey. Democrats expanded their majority in the US House of Representatives by winning additonal 37 House seats. On the US State/Territory Governorships, Democrats flipped the following governorships in Nevada, Arkansas, Guam, Nebraska, Ohio, Alaska, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Texas; Republicans only flipped just New Hampshire and California.

COMING UP THIS WEEK IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC:
* National and International Headlines from Spring 1981.
*Personal PoV's: Spring 1981.
*Sports Headlines: 1980 NFL Season; 1980 College Football Bowl Games.
*Foreign Policy priorities of the Reagan Administration.
*Highlights of ROK President Chun Doo-hwan visiting the United States from 28 January to 6 February 1981.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

HIGH COURT DECIDED STATES CAN PERMIT TELEVISING OF COURTROOM TRIALS
*Monday, January 26, 1981: In Chandler vs. Florida, the US Supreme Court ruled in 8-0 decision that it wasn't a denial of due process to allowing television coverage of courtroom proceedings.

570 REPORTEDLY DEAD DUE TO SHIP SINKING IN JAVA SEA
*Tuesday, January 27, 1981: An estimated 471 passengers on ferry drowned when the Indonesian ship KMP Tampomas II sunk into the Java Sea during storms in the area. Out of the 1,136 passengers and crewmembers, 566 were rescued including 152 who were found in lifeboats days afterwards.

REAGAN SIGNS EXECUTIVE ORDER HALTING PRICE CONTROLS
*Wednesday, January 28, 1981: US President Ronald Reagan signed Executive Order #12287 which effectively ended all US federal price and allocation controls on gasoline and fuel oil.

MANY DEATHS REPORTED IN PAQUISHA CONFLICT
*The Paquisha War begins between Ecuador and Peru when Ecuadorian forces established an outpost 40 miles (64 km) into territory that had been lost to Peru in 1942.

CHUN MAKES HISTORIC VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES

​

*ROK President Chun Doo-hwan and his wife, ROK First Lady Lee Soon-ja begin their historic visit to the United States that began on 28 January 1981 and ended on 6 February 1981. It began with stops in Los Angeles, California (January 28th-29th); New York City, New York State (January 30th-31st); Washington, DC (February 1st-3rd) and Honolulu, Hawaii (February 4th-6th). Highlighting Chun's visit included a meeting with United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim at the United Nations General Assembly on Saturday then a historic meeting with US President Ronald Reagan at the White House on Monday.

​

BREAKING NEWS ALERT: SUAREZ RESIGNS AS PRIME MINISTER OF SPAIN
*Thursday, January 29, 1981: Spanish Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez shocked the nation announcing his resignation and departure from his political party, the UCD.

SOUTH AFRICAN TROOPS RAMPAGE INTO MOZAMBIQUE
*Friday, January 30, 1981: Comnandos from the South African Defence Force (SADF) crossed into Mozambique and attacked the town of Matola in a violent raid against three houses occupied by members of the African National Congress (ANC). Operation Beanbag killed 15 ANC members and a Portuguese technician.

VIETNAM VETERANS PARADE IN SHADOW OF 57 HOSTAGES RELEASE
*Saturday, January 31, 1981: The first parade honoring veterans of the Vietnam War was organized by the veterans themselves in Indianapolis, Indiana; eight years following the end of the Vietnam War conflict.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

SPORTS HEADLINES: 1980 NFL SEASON
RAIDERS THROTTLE EAGLES 27-10; WIN SECOND SUPER BOWL CHAMPIONSHIP

​

*Sunday, January 25, 1981: The Oakland Raiders made history becoming the first NFL team to go from the Wild Card Playoff team to winning the Super Bowl; this is the Raiders' second Super Bowl Championship in franchise history.

The first playoff game for the Raiders began with an AFC Wild Card Playoff match-up against the Houston Oilers, throttling them by a score of 27-7. Following that win, the next playoff game was against the Cleveland Browns in the AFC Divisional Playoff, where the Raiders defense held off the Browns offense via interception from Raiders defensive back Mike Davis, who intercepted a pass from Browns quarterback Brian Sipe, who had intended to throw the football to Browns tight end (later future Baltimore Ravens General Manager Ozzie Newsome) and won the game 14-12, advancing to the AFC Championship facing off against their division rivals, the San Diego Chargers (who won the tie-breaker when both teams had records of (11-5) overall and won the AFC West Division that year) in San Diego.

Offensive firepower dominated this game was the Raiders were outgained in overall yardage: 434-362; the Raiders never committed any turnovers on offense while the same couldn't be said for the Chargers, who coughed up the football three different times. Raiders won the AFC Championship by a final score of 34-27 and advanced to their third Super Bowl berth in franchise history: having lost in 1967 to the Green Bay Packers, but ultimately winning their first Super Bowl Championship in 1976 with the legendary John Madden as their head coach.

Starting the 1980 Season was Raiders quarterback Dan Pastorini, but he got injured, which caused backup quarterback Jimmy Plunkett to stepping in, where he was somewhat of a game-managing quarterback: throwing for 2,300 yards that included 18 touchdowns, but also threw a horrendous 16 interceptions; the leading receivers for the Raiders were Bob Chandler, who had 49 catches with 786 receiving yards including 10 touchdowns; Cliff Branch got 44 catches with 858 receiving yards including 7 touchdowns. The-Running-Backs-By-Committee: Mark van Eeghen and Kenny King combined for 1,600 rushing yards with nine rushing touchdowns.

Many people anticipated this Super Bowl match-up between the Raiders and the Philadelphia Eagles, who had defeated the Raiders in Week 12 during the regular Season.

Philadelphia won 11 out of their first 12 games in the 1980 NFL Season including defeating the Dallas Cowboys along the way before stumbling down the home-stretch that included three losses in their final four games, resulting in losing their season-ending finale to the Cowboys; However, due to the tiebreaker by finishing with the same records (12-4) each; the Eagles won the NFC East Division while the Cowboys had to settle for one of the Wild Card Playoff spots.

Breezing through the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Divisional Playoff 31-16, Philadelphia faced off against the Cowboys for the third time in the NFC Championship Game at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; where they easily defeated Dallas 20-7 advancing to their first Super Bowl berth in franchise history. Eagles quarterback Ron Jaworski threw for over 3,500+ passing yards including 27 touchdowns to 12 interceptions; Eagles running back Willie Montgomery rushed for 778 yards with just eight touchdowns, which wasn't impressive at all. In regard to Jaworski's deep threats in the air: Harold Carmichael and Charlie Smith both had 45 catches for 800 receiving yards.

In the highly-watched Super Bowl game aired on NBC from the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana: the Raiders easily throttled Philadelphia by a score of 27-10 to securing their second Super Bowl Championship in franchise history (1976, 1980); Raiders quarterback Jim Plunkett made history becoming the second Heisman Trophy winning quarterback to win Super Bowl Most Valuable Player.

Following the game, the post-game interactions between flamboyant Raiders Owner/General Manager Al Davis and NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle was actually quite civil and respectively cordial. Rozelle praised the Raiders organization, Raiders head coach Tom Flores, Plunkett and the players for making history becoming the first NFL team to go from the Wild Card to Super Bowl Champions.

With the victory, Raiders Head Coach Tom Flores made history becoming the first minority head coach in professional football history to winning a Super Bowl; Plunkett also made history as well, becoming the first minority NFL quarterback to win a Super Bowl championship and as of today, the only Latino quarterback being named Super Bowl Most Valuable Player.

​

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of US State/Territory Governors (Part I)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*ALABAMA: Forrest Hood "Fob" James (D)
In office: 15 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*ALASKA: Jay Sterner Hammond (R)
In office: 2 December 1974
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982
******Seat open due to term limits in 1982.

*ARIZONA: Bruce Edward Babbitt (D)
In office: 4 March 1978
Ascended to the Governorship following the death of then-Arizona Governor Wesley Bolin (D).
First elected to full four-year term: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*ARKANSAS: Frank Durward White (R)
In office: 19 January 1981
First elected: 1980
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*CALIFORNIA: Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr., (D)
In office: 6 January 1975
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982
*Open Seat: Announced in Fall 1980 that he was running for the United States Senate in 1982.

*COLORADO: Richard Douglas Lamm (D)
In office: 14 January 1975
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*CONNECTICUT: William Atchison O'Neill (D)
In office: 27 June 1980
Ascended to the Governorship following the death of then-Connecticut Governor Ella Grasso (D)
Seeking election to full four-year term in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*DELAWARE: Pierre Samuel "Pete" du Pont, IV (R)
In office: 18 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984
******Open Seat due to term limits in 1984.

*FLORIDA: Daniel Robert Graham (D)
In office: 2 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*GEORGIA: George Dekle Busbee (D)
In office: 14 January 1975
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982
******Open Seat due to term limits in 1982.

*NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS: Carlos Sablan Camacho (D)
In office: 9 January 1978
First elected: 1977
Seat up for election: 3 November 1981

*GUAM: Paul McDonald Calvo (R)
In office: 1 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*US VIRGIN ISLANDS: Juan Francisco Luis (IND)
In office: 2 January 1978
Ascended to the Governorship upon the death of then-US Virgin Islands Governor Cyril King (ICM)
First elected to full four-year term: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*AMERICAN SAMOA: Peter Tali Coleman (R)
In office: 3 January 1978
First elected: 1977; reelected in 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

*HAWAII: George Ryoichi Ariyoshi (D)
In office: 2 December 1974
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*IDAHO: John Victor Evans, Sr., (D)
In office: 23 January 1977
Ascended to the Governorship upon the resignation of then-Idaho Governor Cecil Andrus (D), who became US Secretary of the Interior
First elected to full four-year term: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*ILLINOIS: James Robert "Big Jim" Thompson, Jr., (R)
In office: 10 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of US State/Territory Governors (Part II)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*INDIANA: Robert Dunkerson Orr (R)
In office: 12 January 1981
First elected: 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

*IOWA: Robert Dolph Ray (R)
In office: 16 January 1969
First elected: 1968; reelected in 1970, 1972, 1974 and again in 1978.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*KANSAS: John William Carlin (D)
In office: 8 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*KENTUCKY: John Young Brown, Jr., (D)
In office: 11 December 1979
First elected: 1979
Seat up for election: 8 November 1983
******Open seat due to term limits

*LOUISIANA: David Conner Treen (R)
In office: 10 March 1980
First elected: 1979
Seat up for election: 22 October 1983

*MAINE: Joseph Edward Brennan (D)
In office: 3 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*MARYLAND: Harry Roe Hughes (D)
In office: 17 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*MASSACHUSETTS: Edward Joseph King (D)
In office: 4 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*MICHIGAN: William Grawn Milliken (R)
In office: 22 January 1969
Ascended to the Governorship upon the resignation of then-Michigan Governor George Romney (R), who became US Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
First elected to full four-year term in 1970; reelected in 1974 and again in 1978
Seeking reelection in 1982 to fourth full four-year term
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*MINNESOTA: Albert Harold Quie (R)
In office: 4 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982
******Open Seat: Not seeking reelection in 1982.

*MISSISSIPPI: William Forrest Winter (D)
In office: 22 January 1980
First elected: 1979
Seat up for election: 8 November 1983

*MISSOURI: Christopher Samuel "Kit' Bond (R)
In office: 12 January 1981
*Previously held the Governorship: 8 January 1973 to 10 January 1977
First elected: 1972; reelected in 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

*MONTANA: Thomas Lee Judge (D)
In office: 1 January 1973
First elected: 1972; Reelected in 1976 and 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part III of the List detailing the US State/Territory Governorships.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of US State/Territory Governors (Part III)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*NEBRASKA: Charles Thorne (R)
In office: 4 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*NEVADA: Robert List (R)
In office: 1 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*NEW HAMPSHIRE: Hugh Gallen (D)
In office: 4 January 1979
First elected: 1978; reelected in 1980.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*NEW JERSEY: Brendan Thomas Byrne (D)
In office: 15 January 1974
First elected: 1973; reelected in 1977
******Open seat due to term limits.
*Seat up for election: 3 November 1981.

*NEW MEXICO: Bruce Stanley King (D)
In office: 1 January 1979
Previously served: 1 January 1971 to 1 January 1975
First elected: 1970; reelected in 1978
******Open seat due to term limits
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*NEW YORK STATE: Hugh Leo Carey (D)
In office: 1 January 1975
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978
Open Seat: Announced on 12 December 1980 that he wouldn't be seeking reelection in 1982.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*NORTH CAROLINA: James Baxter "Jim" Hunt, Jr., (D)
In office: 8 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1980
******Open seat due to term limits in 1984.
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

*NORTH DAKOTA: Allen I. Olson (R)
In office: 2 January 1981
First elected: 1980
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984

*OHIO: James Allen "Jim" Rhodes (R)
In office: 13 January 1975
Previously served: 14 January 1963 to 11 January 1971
First elected: 1962; reelected in 1966, 1974 and 1978.
******Open Seat due to term limits
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*OKLAHOMA: George Patterson Nigh (D)
In office: 3 January 1979
Previously served: 3 January to 14 January 1963: Ascended to the Governorship upon resignation of then-Oklahoma Governor J. Howard Edmondson (D), who appointed himself to the United States Senate.
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*OREGON: Victor George Atiyeh (R)
In office: 8 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*PENNSYLVANIA: Richard Thornburgh (R)
In office: 16 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*RHODE ISLAND: J. Joseph Garrahy (D)
In office: 4 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1978 and 1980
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

*SOUTH CAROLINA: Richard Riley (D)
In office: 10 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*SOUTH DAKOTA: William Janklow (R)
In office: 1 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*TENNESSEE: Lamar Alexander (R)
In office: 20 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part IV of the US State/Territory Governorships.

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of US State/Territory Governors (Part IV)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*TEXAS: William Perry Clements, Jr., (R)
In office: 16 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*VERMONT: Richard Ackwright Snelling (R)
In office: 6 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1978 and 1980.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*WISCONSIN: Lee Dreyfus (R)
In office: 4 January 1979
First elected: 1978
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*WYOMING: Edgar Herschler (D)
In office: 6 January 1975
First elected: 1974; reelected in 1978.
Seeking reelection in 1982.
Seat up for election: 2 November 1982.

*PUERTO RICO: Carlos Romero Barcelo (D/PNP)
In office: 2 January 1977
First elected: 1976; reelected in 1980.
Seat up for election: 6 November 1984.

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: List of United States Senators from 51 States!

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of United States Senators (Part I)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*ALABAMA:
Class 2: Howell Heflin (D-AL)
Class 3: Jeremiah Denton (R-AL)

*ALASKA:
Class 2: Ted Stevens (R-AK)
Class 3: Frank Murkowski (R-AK)

*ARIZONA:
Class 1: Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)
Class 2: Barry Goldwater (R-AZ)

*ARKANSAS:
Class 2: David Pryor (D-AR)
Class 3: Dale Bumpers (D-AR)

*CALIFORNIA:
Class 1: Sam Hayakawa (R-CA)
Class 3: Alan Cranston (D-CA)

*COLORADO:
Class 2: William Armstrong (R-CO)
Class 3: Gary Hart (D-CO)

*CONNECTICUT:
Class 1: Lowell Weicker (R-CT)
Class 3: Christopher J. Dodd (D-CT)

*DELAWARE:
Class 1: William Roth (R-DE)
Class 2: Joe Biden (D-DE)

*FLORIDA:
Class 1: Lawton Chiles (D-FL)
Class 3: Paula Hawkins (R-FL)

*GEORGIA:
Class 2: Sam Nunn (D-GA)
Class 3: Mack Mattingly (R-GA)
COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part II of the List of United States Senators from the 51 States!

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of United States Senators (Part II)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*HAWAII:
Class 1: Spark Matsunaga (D-HI)
Class 3: Daniel Inouye (D-HI)

*IDAHO:
Class 2: James A. McClure (R-ID)
Class 3: Steve Symms (R-ID)

*ILLINOIS:
Class 2: Charles Percy (R-IL)
Class 3: Alan J. Dixon (D-IL)

*INDIANA:
Class 1: Richard Lugar (R-IN)
Class 3: James Danforth Quayle (R-IN)

*IOWA:
Class 2: Roger Jepsen (R-IA)
Class 3: Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

*KANSAS:
Class 2: Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS)
Class 3: Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (R-KS)

*KENTUCKY:
Class 2: Walter "Dee" Huddleston (D-KY)
Class 3: Wendell Ford (D-KY)

*LOUISIANA:
Class 2: John Bennett Johnston (D-LA)
Class 3: Russell Billou Long (D-LA)

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part III of the List of United States Senators from the 51 States!

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of United States Senators (Part III)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*MAINE:
Class 1: George J. Mitchell (D-ME)
Class 2: William Cohen (R-ME)

*MARYLAND:
Class 1: Paul Sarbanes (D-MD)
Class 3: Charles Mathias (R-MD)

*MASSACHUSETTS:
Class 1: Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (D-MA)
Class 2: Paul Tsongas (D-MA)

*MICHIGAN:
Class 1: Donald Riegle (D-MI)
Class 2: Carl Levin (D-MI)

*MINNESOTA:
Class 1: David Durenberger (R-MN)
Class 2: Rudy Boschwitz (R-MN)

*MISSISSIPPI:
Class 1: Ray Mabus (D-MS): Appointed to the US Senate seat by Mississippi Governor William F. Winter (D) on 16 January 1981 following the resignation of United States Senator William Allain (D-MS); special election to take place in May 1981.
Class 2: Thad Cochran (R-MS)

*MISSOURI:
Class 1: John Danforth (R-MO)
Class 3: Thomas Eagleton (D-MO)

*MONTANA:
Class 1: John Melcher (D-MT)
Class 2: Max Baucus (D-MT)

*NEBRASKA:
Class 1: Edward Zorinsky (D-NE)
Class 2: J. James Exon (D-NE)

*NEVADA:
Class 1: Howard Cannon (D-NV)
Class 3: Paul Laxalt (R-NV)

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part IV of the List of United States Senators from the 51 States!

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of United States Senators (Part IV)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Class 2: Gordon J. Humphrey (R-NH)
Class 3: Warren Rudman (R-NH)

*NEW JERSEY:
Class 1: Harrison A. Williams (D-NJ)
Class 2: Bill Bradley (D-NJ)

*NEW MEXICO:
Class 1: Harrison Schmitt (R-NM)
Class 2: Peter Domenici (R-NM)

*NEW YORK STATE:
Class 1: Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY St)
Class 3: Al D'Amato (R-NY St)

*NORTH CAROLINA:
Class 2: Jesse Helms (R-NC)
Class 3: John Porter East (R-NC)

*NORTH DAKOTA:
Class 1: Quentin Burdick (D-ND)
Class 3: Mark Andrews (R-ND)

*OHIO:
Class 1: Howard Metzenbaum (D-OH)
Class 3: John Glenn (D-OH)

*OKLAHOMA:
Class 2: David Boren (D-OK)
Class 3: Don Nickles (R-OK)

COMING UP IN CHAPTER 11 OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: Part V of the List of United States Senators from the 51 States!

 

[Sergeant Foley]

List of United States Senators (Part V)
Thursday, February 5, 1981
​

*OREGON:
Class 2: Mark Hatfield (R-OR)
Class 3: Bob Packwood (R-OR)

*PENNSYLVANIA:
Class 1: John Heinz (R-PA)
Class 3: Arlen Specter (R-PA)

*PUERTO RICO:
Class 1: Juan H. Cinton Garcia (D-PR)
Class 2: Luis A. Ferre (R-PR)

*RHODE ISLAND:
Class 1: John Chafee (R-RI)
Class 2: Claiborne Pell (D-RI)

*SOUTH CAROLINA:
Class 2: Strom Thurmond (R-SC)
Class 3: Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (D-SC)

*SOUTH DAKOTA:
Class 2: Larry Pressler (R-SD)
Class 3: James Abdnor (R-SD)

*TENNESSEE:
Class 1: Jim Sasser (D-TN)
Class 2: Howard Baker (R-TN): Senate Majority Leader

*TEXAS:
Class 1: Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX)
Class 2: Mark Wells White, Jr., (D-TX)

*UTAH:
Class 1: Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Class 3: Jake Garn (R-UT)

*VERMONT:
Class 1: Robert Stafford (R-VT)
Class 3: Patrick Leahy (D-VT)

*VIRGINIA:
Class 1: Lawrence Douglas Wilder (D-VA)
Class 2: John Warner (R-VA)

*WASHINGTON:
Class 1: Daniel Jackson Evans (R-WA) Appointed to the US Senate seat on 20 January 1981 by Washington Governor John Spellman (R) following the resignation of United States Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson (D-WA), who was confirmed as US Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Wilson Reagan.
Class 3: Slade Gorton (R-WA)

*WEST VIRGINIA:
Class 1: Robert Byrd (D-WV): Senate Minority Leader
Class 2: Jennings Randolph (D-WV)

*WISCONSIN:
Class 1: William Proxmire (D-WI)
Class 3: Bob Kasten (R-WI)

*WYOMING:
Class 1: Malcolm Wallop (R-WY)
Class 2: Alan Simpson (R-WY)