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Yeah, FWIW, I don't have a problem with Brest-Litovsk. The post-1991 reality in that part of the world shows that Brest-Litovsk was right. Eastern Europe should have been given more autonomy, though. AFAIK, Germany wanted Briey and Longwy for economic reasons (specifically due to their iron...

Well, I mean, the post-WWI settlement did contain numerous plebiscites, and even when it didn't borders were often determined based on ethnic lines. The main exceptions often involved strategic/defensive concerns (such as South Tyrol and the Sudetenland) or economic considerations...

I think that HL is arguing that creating vassal states is different from outright annexation.

Technically speaking, though, Versailles was supposed to be based on the principle of national self-determination. There were exceptions, no doubt, but that was the general guiding principle.

Is the 1918 German Western offensive going to succeed in this TL? Also, any chance of getting the Western Allies to moderate their war aims in 1917 if the US isn't in the war, as per Russian encouragement?

@stevep Any thoughts on this?

Had the US not entered World War I and thus Britain would not have gotten unsecured loans from the US, would a compromise peace for World War I in 1917 have become very likely? Or at the very least in early 1918? Kaiser Karl was advocating one, as were both the Petrograd Soviet and the Russian...