Make an ocean, and call it peace- Africa switches place with Polynesia in 151 BC

raharris1973

Well-known member
A suggestible, pro-Roman, yet not bloody-minded ASB happens to tune in to the Roman Senate in the 150s BC and often hears from Cato that Carthage must be destroyed. She figures its time to separate the Romans and Carthaginians.

Working in very broad strokes, the ASB transplants Rome's Mediterranean rival, Carthage and the entire continent it sits on, Africa, to basically opposite side of the world longitudinally, which is the middle of the Pacific ocean, while keeping it at constant latitude.

Meanwhile, an Africa shaped patch of Pacific Ocean, and all the islands within it (comprising nearly all of Polynesia except for New Zealand and Easter Island, plus some of Melanesia) are transplanted to where Africa used to be.

This happens around midnight, Carthage and Rome time, so sleeping Africans in Carthage are roused mid-slumber by the instant appearance of the noon day sun. Although it may not be noon in other parts of the continent like Egypt and rainforests of the west coast, alot of sleeping people are woken up.

Pacific islanders in those islands that were inhabited by this time like Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Tonga, and Tahiti are plunged into instant darkness from their mid-day activities.

Meanwhile, most Eurasians have much less drama at first. Some bedouins in the Sinai begin hearing ocean waves crash in the middle of their local path of desert.

Unbeknownst to any humans of the time, the map of the world now looks like this:



The ASB puts a climate preservation bubble over the planet that prevents drastic climate alterations or weather disasters beyond the range or suddenness of any experienced between 151 BC and now.

So, very soon first Levantines and then Sicilian traders are disturbed to find their African destinations aren't there, and the water just goes on forever.

Meanwhile, Egyptians and Carthaginians find their the Levantine, Sicilian and European neighbors aren't there either.

....so, now we move on to matters of religion, politics, society and economy.

Romans thank Neptune for smiting Carthage (and offer him great propitiations, in awe of his great power and demonstrated wrath), and the Carthaginians thank and seek to satisfy their god of the sea, Yum, their patron God, also associated with the sea, Melqart, to whom Hannibal swore he would destroy Rome, and their patroness goddess Tanith, who also had sea associations, thanking the pantheon for making the Romans vanish beneath the waves as they so richly deserved.

Greeks wherever they are from Greece to Asia Minor to Egypt pray to Poseidon to recognize his awesomeness and beg his mercy, Egyptian pagans pray to their sea god Nun. Jews pray to their God Yahweh, and are present both in relocated Africa at Alexandria, and in Western Asia at a minimum.

At this time, the main north African polities are Ptolemaic Egypt, Carthage and Numidia. They are food surplus countries. Africa has historic, pre- destruction Carthage's urban infrastructure and Alexandria along with its library and metropolitan Hellenistic culture.

The North African states lack all their Asian and European trading partners of course. The Carthaginians can no longer send tithes to the ancestral Phoenician city of Tyre for example. The sea in front of them is unending. Carthage is able to fend off and gradually push back Numidia, which is now bereft of Roman support. Carthage can reestablish its navy and trading links with other parts of Africa, at least if they can find and gather sufficient timber locally or within reach of land trade routes (I don't know, but suspect, the Carthaginians relied on European and Levantine timber imports). To some extent the search for more timber will probably motivate some voyages further southwest along the African coast to the rainforest zone where tropical hardwoods can be found.

Donkeys and horses are the main modes of land transportation. But, in Somalia and the Egyptian deserts east of the Nile some Bedouins probably have enough dromedary camels for a breeding population. Over the centuries as their utility is more widely recognized, the range of camels and camel-using culture is likely to spread.

In the meantime, in Eurasia, while Romans need fear Carthage no more than legendary Atlantis, they are confronted with an economic crunch. They cannot loot North Africa, taking its good croplands and people as slaves to sustain the higher standard of living they became accustomed to while they were enjoying the Punic indemnity for the previous fifty years. Likewise the disappearance of Egypt increases food insecurity throughout the shores of the European and Asian Mediterranean Sea (now actually an extension of the Atlantic-Indian combined ocean).

However, Rome and Italy have not become so, so import dependent that this is not the catastrophe it would have been in later centuries. They've still got Sicily as a surplus producing breadbasket.

While suffering pains, internal convulsions, and many changes, the Romans keep their control of the southern shores of Europe (they already have eastern and southern Spain, the Balearics, Corsica, Sardinia, Epirus, and Macedonia under their direct rule, and much of Greece as protectorates) and remain capable of projecting their power into Asia.

Meanwhile, in Asia, the Seleucid realm is fragmenting. The Maccabees have established a de facto independence in Judea.
Europe and Asia too have their Hellenistic cities, philosophy and science. The parchment library of Pergamum may have been built by Attalus and it was a rival to the library of Alexandria.

Do Tahitian Polynesians discover the uninhabited Hawaiian islands before Phoenician-Lebanese traders or Greek traders find Hawaii?

How are Eurasia and Africa going to develop in isolation from each other over the ensuing centuries. Will Greece and Rome get to know India any better than OTL during the classical era than they did in OTL, because of the availability of an all-water, coastal route?

Going down the ensuing centuries when are various continents going to be starting regular travel and trade with each other?

Since the Pacific is so big, even at Africa's wider points like its highly developed north, the distance from Morocco-Mauritania to Japan is nearly as wide as the Atlantic, as is the distance from Egypt and Ethiopia to California and Mexico.

Are the Carthaginians and Egyptians arch-rivals in Africa-world?

Meanwhile, when do Eurasians come into regular contact with the Americas and Africa?

What of Roman imperial growth in this OTL without the rich pickings of Africa. Perhaps the Romans get much more interested in direct control of the the Bosporan kingdom and southern Ukraine, and seek to conquer Dacia and Gaul earlier?

Or, might Rome run into its expansionary limits earlier, without being able to fuel itself with African food surpluses, perhaps it can never pay or feed, and thus field, such large armies, that OTL allowed it conquer so far into Asia Minor, the Levant, even temporarily Mesopotamia and Armenia and Dacia and Britain?

I would say that when Africa and Eurasia meet again, Eurasia is the odds on favorite to be technologically ahead, but the gap won't be a 1492 size gap.
Presuming the meeting is like OTL, not for about a millennia and a half, there could be some noticeable phenotypic divergence from OTL, with greater intermixing of whites/caucasians in transplanted North Africa with sub-Saharan phenotypes through voluntary and/or forced migrations for various purposes, and no intermixing with west Asia and Europe in that time.

Given the literary evidence, will it be widely believed that a continent moved to the other side of the planet, or will the predominant theory be that the ancients had alot of unreliable legends but perhaps there was a lost art of long distance travel accounting for parallel cultural references and symbols that become apparent when the continents meet again.
 
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WolfBear

Well-known member
The Byzantines managed to do pretty well without any of North Africa--why wouldn't the Romans? What changed over these several centuries?

Frankly, I suspect that it's only a matter of time before Carthaganian traders and/or explorers will make contact with East and Southeast Asia. I wonder what ideas the Carthaganians will subsequently adopt from Asians, including but not only from the Chinese.

For Romans, reaching China and India by sea should become much easier. I don't know just how many centuries this will take, of course, but it's likely to take much less time than it took in real life.

And of course there won't be any African slave trade in this TL either. Not in relation to North America, at least. Maybe Carthaganians are eventually going to want some black African slaves for themselves, though. What was the Carthaganians' position on slavery?
 

raharris1973

Well-known member
The Byzantines managed to do pretty well without any of North Africa--why wouldn't the Romans? What changed over these several centuries?

The Byzantines managed to do well by one metric alone - long term survival for a millenium. They weren't so great at the other metric, being the all-conquering, space-filling empire. After losing Egypt and North Africa, the Byzantines never had more than Asia Minor, Syrian borderlands, Armenia, the Balkans, and fragments of Italy, for a brief peak period. They also went through many periods only having fringes of Greece and Asia Minor.

I don't think the Romans here would have any trouble with longevity. And as one can see from the map, they already have important fringes of Southern Europe in Italy, Iberia, and the Balkans. But I don't think it's a guarantee they would reach the territorial peak in Europe and Asia that Trajan reached in 117 AD, under such drastically different circumstances in this ATL. Among the differences are that North African agriculture is not there as a resource for the next five hundred years to be conquered and taxed (as in OTL), forced to pay tribute, or even be a trading partners. The Byzantines could at least trade with those areas even though not tax and extract tribute. The Byzantines also had a more agriculturally productive northern and Central Europe to trade with in the medieval era than the classical Romans did. Also, from the starting point of this PoD, the Romans do not *yet* have any possessions or footholds in Asia.

The Roman system may be strong enough, and expand to fill as much or more space as OTL, just aiming itself at different targets, with obvious North African ones unavailable, but we don't know for sure. If I had to speculate, in search of grain-lands, some areas that might be attractive to the Romans could be the Pontic steppe/southern Ukraine, Dacia/Romania, and the Pannonia basin.

Frankly, I suspect that it's only a matter of time before Carthaganian traders and/or explorers will make contact with East and Southeast Asia.

If by "only a matter of time" you mean a century or two or three, I think that is over-optimistic. There is still quite a bit of open ocean water to cross from the coast of North Africa to anywhere sophisticated in China, Korea, Japan, or Southeast Asia. The prospect becomes more realistic if we are talking more like 1,000 years and certainly more than 500.
 

Buba

A total creep
I will weight in later later.
Top of mind:
- the Silk Road is probably stunted, as a very convenient sea route exists ...
- without Egyptian backing Judea is stomped
 

ATP

Well-known member
I will weight in later later.
Top of mind:
- the Silk Road is probably stunted, as a very convenient sea route exists ...
- without Egyptian backing Judea is stomped
Indeed.There would be sea route to India in 100BC,and China about 100AD.
If Carthage manage to find China,they would find roman merchants there.And maybe become pirates harrassing roman ships !
Judea would be stomped,but by romans,not Seleucids.So - nothing change there.

Major difference - Carthaginians in Americas at least about 500AD.They were merchants,so they would create merchant colonies,not empire there.
When europeans finally come,they would meet locals do not dying from contact and armed with iron weapons.No european empires there.
 

raharris1973

Well-known member
I wonder what ideas the Carthaganians will subsequently adopt from Asians, including but not only from the Chinese.

A great question - and vice versa. I suppose it is reasonable to ask if peoples in Indonesia or the Philippines develop alphabetic scripts as direct spinoffs of Carthaginian contact from the east or Indian contact from the west.

For Romans, reaching China and India by sea should become much easier. I don't know just how many centuries this will take, of course, but it's likely to take much less time than it took in real life.

I am going to think, much, much less time. Like a pretty commonplace thing by the 100 AD timeframe, and this trade volume may stimulate significantly earlier development of places like Malaya and Sumatra and nearby parts of Southeast Asia through trade entrepôts.

And of course there won't be any African slave trade in this TL either. Not in relation to North America, at least.

Not in relation to America, nor Eurasia.

Maybe Carthaganians are eventually going to want some black African slaves for themselves, though.

It's quite probable, and if not that, migration of free or contract labor will be likely. Black Africans will be among the main trading partners whom the Carthaginians can reasonably get to in their first several centuries, so I expect much trade, diplomacy, and mercantile settlement to happen.

What was the Carthaganians' position on slavery?

Few ancient societies had an objection to it in principle.

Indeed.There would be sea route to India in 100BC,and China about 100AD.

Sounds about right to me - see my comment about stimulation of early development of Malaya-Singapore above.

Major difference - Carthaginians in Americas at least about 500AD.They were merchants,so they would create merchant colonies,not empire there.

I'm not sure about that early, but quite possibly so. One interesting thing about it - the Carthaginians would be contacting the Pacific shores of the Americas before the Atlantic, so diseases, and immunity and iron tech, and uptech'ed Native American groups would advance from west to east instead of vice versa.

Also, the Carthaginians would have to sail past Egypt to reach the Americas. Would the Egyptians get into maritime exploration in their own right? What Egyptian technologies and cultural items might be exported to the Americas?

One notable thing about this geographic set-up that I neglected to mention. OTL's situation that led to Polynesians being the first humans to settle Easter Island/Rapa Nui and New Zealand, and Indonesian-Austronesians to be the first humans to settle Madagascar, rather late in human history (after 1300 AD for the former and 700 AD for the latter) is disrupted. Different human groups are likely to be the first to make it to these lands in this ATL.

For Madagascar, I would bet Carthaginians, or Egyptians or a joint expedition doing a circumnavigation of Africa. Or possibly local Bantus. For Easter Island quite possibly the same, but perhaps later world-exploring Eurasians may do it. New Zealand could be found ultimately by Carthaginian descendants or later day Indonesians, East Asians, or any people from the shores of central or western Eurasia who in later centuries get sufficiently skilled and adventurous at long-range sailing.
 

ATP

Well-known member
So,if Carthaginians found Madagascar,more big lemurs would survive! They were not focused on agriculture,after all.More surviving forest,more lemurs.Maybe even those giant birds,too!
 

Buba

A total creep
So,if Carthaginians found Madagascar,more big lemurs would survive! They were not focused on agriculture,after all.More surviving forest,more lemurs.Maybe even those giant birds,too!
The Bantu in OTL crossed the straight, no reason for them not to do so here. However, different crop package (no rice!) and agri practices mean different changes to environment.

Carthage and Egypt - the Pheonician and Greeks expats are the only "civilised" folks around - I imagine that they will be in bigger contact than in OTL.

No idea where Carthage got wood for ships from, but I'm fairly certain that Vandals used Sardinian timber for their fleet - which I will be first to admit that was half a thousand years later. Here the Atlas still could have the appropriate trees?

I envision Egypt as more maritime with no impediment of the Suez Istmuth.

Rome will be weaker. Even if it takes Syria, maybe the Parthians (or whatever polity emerges as topdog in Iran) kick them out?
And speaking of Parthians - would they build a fleet, the Roman-Parthian fronline gaining a naval flank?


 

ATP

Well-known member
The Bantu in OTL crossed the straight, no reason for them not to do so here. However, different crop package (no rice!) and agri practices mean different changes to environment.

Carthage and Egypt - the Pheonician and Greeks expats are the only "civilised" folks around - I imagine that they will be in bigger contact than in OTL.

No idea where Carthage got wood for ships from, but I'm fairly certain that Vandals used Sardinian timber for their fleet - which I will be first to admit that was half a thousand years later. Here the Atlas still could have the appropriate trees?

I envision Egypt as more maritime with no impediment of the Suez Istmuth.

Rome will be weaker. Even if it takes Syria, maybe the Parthians (or whatever polity emerges as topdog in Iran) kick them out?
And speaking of Parthians - would they build a fleet, the Roman-Parthian fronline gaining a naval flank?
Madagascar was settled not by Bantu,but by people from Asia.Not possible now.
Egypt was ruled by greeks,which have fleets and good sailors.
Dunno about Partians,but when Sassanid was overrun by arabs,some persians run using ships to India,and even China.
 
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raharris1973

Well-known member
They would still have greek population which do not inbreed.And was good sailors and merchants.
I see many Egypt-Carthage war over trade in the future,territories probably,too.
Could you imagine them fighting over Australia?

I think ATP meant to post this here.

And actually, picking out the Greeks in Egypt at this time as the non-inbreeders is freaking hilarious. The Macedonian Ptolemy dynasty Pharoahs were infamous inbreeders, like not just cousin marriage, but brother sister marriage. We're talking family trees that are straight lines. The family vine. Eek!
 
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ATP

Well-known member
I think ATP meant to post this here.

And actually, picking out the Greeks in Egypt at this time as the non-inbreeders is freaking hilarious. The Macedonian Ptolemy dynasty Pharoahs were infamous inbreeders, like not just cousin marriage, but brother sister marriage. We're talking family trees that are straight lines. The family vine. Eek!
Indeed,thanks.
And sorry for being unclear,kings was inbreed,but sailors was not,so they could discover other lands.
 

stevep

Well-known member
Some fascinating ideas and possibilities here.

One question with Ptolemaic Egypt is how stable it might be without access to Greek mercenaries and migrants? There were frequent revolts and unrest among the native Egyptian populations - albeit more of a problem a century or so later as the empire was really struggling. Without access to external resources the empire might struggle to stay powerful.

If it does survive its likely to dominate in any war with Carthage as the latter has a lot less resources to rely on and a lot of their historical trade links are now irrelevant. Plus Egypt probably has a better position for expansion of trade to the south as the horn of Africa is to some degree a known area whereas on the west coast, even if trade winds are better there's a long way with minimal settlement before you reach substantial areas of settlement. Many of which could be affected by disease issues.

On the other hand the western route does give an option for connections to New Guinea and hence Australia and E Asia. Although as others have said their likely to find the Romans and others from western Eurasia there before them.

In terms of Eurasia one question is would Arabia possibly be wetter here with no African shield? In which case it might have a larger role to play in events as a central point in the new sea route between S Europe and south and east Asia. Possibly especially Yemen and Oman regions which are best positioned to play a significant role.

Rome has lost access to N African resources but in turn has easier access to resources farther east if they develop the longer range trade options. I know Roman traders did reach India and possibly further afield in the imperial period but were they 'Romans' or citizens/subjects of the empire from the eastern regions that haven't been conquered yet? However it will probably stay the major player in S Europe and increasingly the near east as the ASB has avoided climatic and major weather impacts. [Not sure otherwise what the weather could be like given that they now border a major ocean. Probably going to have to adjust to significant tides along their coastlines now if not major storms].

The Seleucid empire might do better for a while given the removal of Egypt as a rival and also probably a short term weakening of Rome as a threat but a lot would depend on whether it can get reliable leadership for a period of time. If so it could continue to be a significant player for a while yet. However its still going to have Rome to its west and the Parthians and other steppe/nomadic types to its east.

Not sure what other factors might come into play.
 

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