An independent protestant state in north America due to a failed glorious revolution?

raharris1973

Well-known member
Is it plausible that a failed glorious revolution or one that leads to a civil war with a royalist victory could result in a migration of protestants to america resulting in the establishment of an independent protestant state? what would be their form of government?
this state would be religiously extremist? would it be powerful? would be able to expand? What could be the consequences of its existence? (no USA, not french revolution?)

an independent Confederation of New England perhaps?

It probably wouldn't encapsulate the entirety of British North America - not Cavalier Virginia and other southern colonies for instance, but it could potentially include New York as well as Jersey. But the experience of self-government is there, and after the Dominion of New England (which the revolution would be, in large part, a revolt against), there would be a sense of common cause and a resentment of royal overreach. And perhaps, given the faster internal natural population growth in the New England/northern colonies compared with the southern plantation colonies because of the disease factor, independent New England/the North might overwhelm loyal Cavalier Virginia/Carolina.

Such a state would definitely throw off British designs on Canada, of course - though I doubt that the Confederation would be strong enough to push too far into French America either, so it would be interesting to see in what way, if at all, it expands.

By the way, even if such an early independent state could be endangered by foreign conquest - by Stuart England, by the French, or Dutch, I think an anti-Stuart early independent New England is far, far, far more plausible than the opposite alternative that has been proposed many times, the idea of the American colonies becoming the last refuge of the Stuarts or Jacobites.

I see that idea as daft for two reasons - firstly, because the most dynamic part of the American colonies, New England, was anti-Stuart and ultra-Protestant. Secondly, because the Stuarts would regard the American colonies of the 1600s (and Jacobites would regard that of the 1700s) as far too rustic and humble and insecure a location for their exile. It would be seen to be lacking the resources and amenities to provide for a proper court, and could not provide a base for a hoped for triumphant return to throne in England. Exile under the protection and patronage of a brother monarch in another European capital would be preferable in every way in terms of lifestyle and protection and proximity to the throne they desire to reclaim.

For the same reason, I am not a big fan of threads/scenarios where the French monarchy flees to Quebec or Montreal, or even worse, Louisiana, after a Republican revolution in Metropolitan France. I think such an exile would just be way too below the dignity of the French Bourbons.
 
The most pressing issue to be overcome here is getting the Glorious Revolution to fail -- and to fail in such a way that James II is mightily confirmed in power, and has the opportunity to remove any plotters against him. He needs a decisive victory over his enemies, because there's a lot of them, and without such a decisive victory, even the POD of (say) getting William III to drown while crossing the Channel is not enough to really secure his position. It would just keep the problems festering.

If, however, James can deal with his opponents comprehensively, this sets up the kind of Britain that would see many an ardent Protestant pack his bags. The specific POD of the Glorious Revolution failing would also involve a failed but massive treason, since quite a lot of people switched over to William very quickly. If that side is then defeated, this allows James to effectively dispossess all those traitors, and give their properties and positions to his loyalists. It's the making of an absolute monarchy, right there. That adds yet more incentive for all sorts of dissenters to leave. Finally, you can actively have James exile various traitors and undesirables to "the colonies", thus already setting up a meaningful (though unintended!) basis for a future Protestant bastion.

In short: we need the Glorious Revolution to happen, we need the key supporters from OTL to be confident enough to declare for William openly... and then we need William to lose completely.

I see only one real window of opportunity: James needs to gather his forces (at that time still numerically superior) and defeat William's forces in late November or early December of 1688: between Churchill's defection on November 25th and James's OTL (first) attempt to flee the country on December 11th. James had a tendency to lose his nerve, and it overwhelmed him here (as it did at other times as well). If he instead gathers himself up and defeats William in battle, with William dying... then you have the "ideal" outcome for the scenario of this thread. James's enemies have exposed themselves, and their cause has been defeated. He has both motive and means to start exile Protestants. And Protestants will have ample reason to start leaving for the colonies, just to be out from under his thumb...

Waiting until the Battle of the Boyne won't work, for instance. That can get you a Kingdom f Ireland under James, but even if William dies there, his supporters back in England will just prop up someone else as King.
 
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A similar idea was raised in my first thread here, about King Charles winning the English Civil War. I still think that'd be a better bet for the mass emigration of Puritans from England and their founding of a militant theocracy in New England - Cromwell's Commonwealth seems to have discredited Puritanism in England and fostered schisms within the movement, leading to the Presbyterian party under Richard Baxter helping to bring Charles II back. (Apparently their hope was that a Restoration would also make them the dominant Church in the British Isles, which given the Stuarts' pretty obvious favoritism toward episcopalianism and even Catholicism, was a hilariously bad judgment on their part in hindsight and 'rewarded' almost immediately by the 1662 Act of Uniformity, causing somewhat of a Puritan exodus anyway)

Though according to later posts there, New England was probably not strong enough at the time to beat back an English reconquest, especially with the aristocrats of Virginia and Catholic Maryland providing handy nearby bases from which to launch an attack on the 'Geneva of the New World'. I don't know if New England would've grown so much stronger in 40 years, or if it'd still just be the Siege of Munster writ large - a suicidal last stand against overwhelming enemy forces.

However, assuming for the sake of argument that Puritan New England isn't immediately flattened, I don't think their future outlook is all that great. As you say they were already fervently Protestant and anti-Stuart to begin with, and I'd imagine these factors would be ramped up to 11 in a scenario where they're fleeing triumphant Royalists (no matter whether it's in the 1640s or 1680s). The Stuarts seem to have been pretty close to France (not only was James II's mother a French princess, Henrietta Maria, but France was where he fled to & later died after the Glorious Revolution IRL, and his son Bonnie Prince Charlie enjoyed French support for the Rising of 1745) and I think an Anglo-French alliance to contain the Puritans from both French Canada to the north and the remaining English colonies to the south is a logical move, as would aiding natives hostile to any Puritan efforts to expand westward (something the French did with gusto IOTL and would already have a lot of experience with by this time, IIRC).

Conversely I can't think of many powerful foreign allies the Puritans could pick up at this point, unlike half of Europe around the time of the American Revolution when the French, Spanish and Dutch all wanted to take Britain down a peg while the revolutionaries themselves had a generally pragmatic view toward religion. France and Spain are right out due to their Catholicism and also France's ties to the Stuarts. So I guess that leaves just the Dutch - but even that might be questionable, since to my understanding their Stadtholder William III was not only a nephew of the Stuart kings but had only recently taken power from the republican faction in that country himself (this would also be where the meme of the Dutch eating those republicans' leaders, the De Witts, came from). He might already be dead if the Glorious Revolution has failed disastrously, but if he's still alive, what could the Puritans offer him to try again? I don't think they could convincingly pitch a 'support us in New England and we'll help you invade Old England to take the throne there (for real this time)' strategy, since even setting the questionable logistics of that idea aside, I doubt the Puritans themselves would want to place themselves back under the throne even if there's an Orange sitting on it rather than a Stuart.

Unless the Puritans can break their isolation somehow, I'm not seeing them going on a conquering spree or anything anytime soon. Most likely you'd just have a big, joyless, colorless theocracy indefinitely spanning New England - I'll assume the more tolerant Rhode Island gets swallowed up by the masses of diehard Puritans who have emigrated to their neighbors, because I really don't think those same Puritans would allow any vestige of royal authority to exist so close to their heart while remaining fearful of the English Crown coming back for them. But at least they'll be industrious and well-educated (in the 'correct' manner of course, a friendless and hardline Puritan theocracy will probably hang you if you spout the incorrect ideas as they did the Quakers of Boston).
 
Unless the Puritans can break their isolation somehow, I'm not seeing them going on a conquering spree or anything anytime soon. Most likely you'd just have a big, joyless, colorless theocracy indefinitely spanning New England - I'll assume the more tolerant Rhode Island gets swallowed up by the masses of diehard Puritans who have emigrated to their neighbors, because I really don't think those same Puritans would allow any vestige of royal authority to exist so close to their heart while remaining fearful of the English Crown coming back for them. But at least they'll be industrious and well-educated (in the 'correct' manner of course, a friendless and hardline Puritan theocracy will probably hang you if you spout the incorrect ideas as they did the Quakers of Boston).

Question: How did Massachusetts go from being one of the most Puritannical parts of the US (or pre-US) to one of the most tolerant parts of the US? This was already visible by 1843 when Massachusetts repealed its anti-miscegenation law, for instance.
 
Question: How did Massachusetts go from being one of the most Puritannical parts of the US (or pre-US) to one of the most tolerant parts of the US? This was already visible by 1843 when Massachusetts repealed its anti-miscegenation law, for instance.
Why, whoever said the Puritanism really went away? ;) The extremely controlling, moralistic tendency of the Puritans keeps cropping up in New England's history - for example Massachusetts was an early bastion of the temperance movement (prohibitionists) which eventually built up to the 18th Amendment - and the universities they founded have consistently been incubators for the most radical and totalitarian strains of thought in American leftism, after all. Hell, Derrick Bell got the critical race theory ball rolling at Harvard, and CRT at its core is basically a materialistic take on Calvinist/Puritan ideas of total depravity and salvation through a tinted, or if you will 'colored' (heh) lens (just substitute every instance of 'reprobate' for 'white person', 'saving grace' for 'rejection of whiteness' and 'the elect' for 'committed antiracists').
 
Why, whoever said the Puritanism really went away? ;) The extremely controlling, moralistic tendency of the Puritans keeps cropping up in New England's history - for example Massachusetts was an early bastion of the temperance movement (prohibitionists) which eventually built up to the 18th Amendment - and the universities they founded have consistently been incubators for the most radical and totalitarian strains of thought in American leftism, after all. Hell, Derrick Bell got the critical race theory ball rolling at Harvard, and CRT at its core is basically a materialistic take on Calvinist/Puritan ideas of total depravity and salvation (just substitute every instance of 'reprobate' for 'white person', 'saving grace' for 'rejection of whiteness' and 'the elect' for 'committed antiracists').

Huh. So even when their descendants became leftists, they still retained the devout, fanatical, Puritanistic spirit. Interesting. I suppose that this might also be why Wokism might be more popular in historically Protestant countries than in historically Catholic or Eastern Orthodox countries. Protestantism was historically sometimes known for its fundamentalism (Martin Luther's vocal anti-Semitism, for instance), and it seems like their descendants have redirected their energies into Wokeness, which at its core is also fundamentalist. Am I getting onto something here?

Also, as a side note, I suspect that the Woke Left's love of non-white criminals might have something to do with the Enlightenment concept of the Noble Savage:


At least, that's Nathan Cofnas's hypothesis. He's a hereditarian conservative and/or alt-center academic and member of the Tweetosphere.
 
Here are two articles of Nathan Cofnas's where he writes about the "noble savage" concept, among other things:


 
@Circle of Willis

Though according to later posts there, New England was probably not strong enough at the time to beat back an English reconquest, especially with the aristocrats of Virginia and Catholic Maryland providing handy nearby bases from which to launch an attack on the 'Geneva of the New World'. I don't know if New England would've grown so much stronger in 40 years, or if it'd still just be the Siege of Munster writ large - a suicidal last stand against overwhelming enemy forces.

I would estimate that in scientific/demographic terms, New England would be fuckton more durable and strong in the 1680s than in the 1640s as a mere 20 year old.
 
Might Netherlands, and the New Netherlands colony be allied to the early independent New England if it goes independent in reaction to either a) a failed Glorious Revolution or b) a parliamentary defeat in the first Rnglish Civil War? That could be somewhat helpful for New England survival.
 
Might Netherlands, and the New Netherlands colony be allied to the early independent New England if it goes independent in reaction to either a) a failed Glorious Revolution or b) a parliamentary defeat in the first Rnglish Civil War? That could be somewhat helpful for New England survival.
Glorious Revolution is after New Netherland has ceased to exist. But the inhabitants of the region would generally be sympathetic to Protestant settlers, and would dislike King James II and his policies, so if it eventually comes to a war for independence, I think they'll be on board with that.

The more Southern colonies will be more likely to be sympathetic to the King.
 
For what it's worth, the common view of the Puritans being, well, puritanical, is nonsense. The Puritans were actually really big on a healthy sex life, even extending to their legal code. At least one man is known to have been excommunicated for refusing to have sex with his wife and a guy could be put in the stocks as punishment for ruining his wife's orgasm, among other "You aren't having enough fun" laws. Puritans were very hard on adultery but outside of that were extremely sex-positive.

 

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