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The whole point of the Macedonian phalanx was not to break it up, and Alexander didn't. It was the centre of his army at every battle. One strong cohort, intended to take, withstand and ultimately break the enemy assault. The phalanx was flanked on both sides by more flexible infantry, and...

Alexander struck at a time when they just so happened to be vulnerable, shortly after an internal struggle between competing royal claimants. That internal war was nothing the realm couldn't have survived, and if given a decade or two to completely recover, the Akhaimenids would have been fine...

To clarify a bit: I posted before the map was posted, so I imagined it a bit differently (having interpreted the description incorrectly), namely with "transposed Hellas" fusing with Iberia, and Byzantion becoming a port city attached to the Iberian mainlaind, but outside the Gates of Herakles...

The quasi-random "Korea swap" seems out of left field to me, and I'll ignore it for now. The originally proposed scenario could have fascinating implications in its own right. Before we continue, however, @raharris1973: your pictures aren't showing. It might be that you're linking from a...