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In the original Creed, 'proceeds' (in the Greek, which I can't reproduce here since I suck at exotic characters but the 'romanized' word is ekporeuomenon) means 'originates from and is granted by' with the belief that the Holy Spirit, coequal with the Father and the Son, nonetheless is created...

2nd Lyons was in the 13th century, and the entire Filioque situation there was pushed primarily by Michael VIII (the Byzantine emperor) who sought to break the power of the Patriarch (which was a threat to his throne) and convince Western Christendom to more vigorously support the Byzantines.

Actually, the Popes did NOT demand it be added to the Creed in Greek, indeed the Filioque was until the 11th century not added in Rome itself as a mark of respect for the Orthodox (even as the Popes generally considered the entire thing to be ridiculous because Hello, translation issues). The...

For those who don't know, the Filioque Controversy is *the* oldest active schismatic controversy left, and one that is still constantly simmering away. It has to do with the Nicene Creed, specifically the part about the Holy Spirit. 'I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life...