Only it isn't rarely relevant. The idea that capitalism is moral had a significant impact in the cold war, for example.If the capital-C "philosophical Capitalists" making it matter are a rarely-relevant navel-gazing fringe continuously ignored by the economic system since it started being a thing, it very much is.
Not at all. This just shows ignorance. Mercantilism had shares, etc. The difference between Mercantilism and Capitalism is free trade.These "corollaries" are what distinguishes it from the preceding trade negotiations of Merchantilism.
Market corrections and lawsuits do however, correct for externality incentives, making people less inclind to do them in the future. Capitalism is not utopian. It doesn't promise perfection or control. It's not based on outcomes (though the outcomes are nice). The argument for capitalism is an individualist argument that other people do not have a claim on your labor unless you consent. It's an argument based on actions, not outcomes of actions.Capitalism doesn't do that, and the anarchist derivative is plagued by this as the market has absolutely no preventative power. I have mentioned this quite a number of times, and you have never offered an answer to resulting the problem of cutting costs by inflicting externalities. Market corrections and lawsuits do not cure cancer, and as an externality those at fault can trivially end up with their lifetime assets being a miniscule fraction of the cost to make those harmed whole even when there is a full recompense for every problem caused.
But that's not even the issue here. The issue is that people once again are flocking to the idea of centralized control of the economy and state control of the individual with the argument "but we are the good guys this time" and they get away with it by being on the right.