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Personally I would say that it was the Nazis who most strongly eroded German federalism, like everything else in the country (the military, the scientific capacity etc.) by the process of gleichstaltung turning the country into a de facto unitary state. Existence of A-H also means a continued...

I'm not saying there is.

What I'm pointing out is the hindsight bias. If France had lost WW1 and gone on to establish a fascist regime, historians would no doubt be looking for the starting point of French fascism in the Third Republic, Napoleon, the French Revolution even, talking about how the modern French state was...

Somehow people never see early Third Republic France, a country where schoolboys trained with weapons and earned military-style medals for classroom achievements, where geography class went on about the need to reconquer Alsace-Lorraine and language class had sample sentences like "I will grow...

The ethnic conflict between Germans, Slavs and Hungarians.

This take on Nazism as some sort of super-Prussianism or hardcore Kaiserreichism isn't true IMO - if you look at the deep origins of Nazism as an ideology, the seeds were sown in Belle Epoque Austria-Hungary. Hitler himself, Rudolph Jung (who wanted to be known as the ""Nazi Karl Marx" and...